Images Of America The European Writers - 902 Words

Images of America the European writers constructed to promote colonization and settlement European exchanged cultures with North America when Leif Ericsson’s arrived at the new land at the year 1000. However European settlement started to spread after Columbus first voyage in 1492. In 16th century America became the golden arena for Europe and renaissance attracted adventures and opportunities for colonial aspirations of rival empires. Explorations in America increased fast and grew and by the time settlers reached Jamestown, Massachusetts and Plymouth, Native Americans had experienced almost a century of adversarial and friendly contact with Europeans (Lansford, Tom, and Thomas 2). Their cultural heritage lay behind them on the North Atlantic Ocean. The culture, geography, and climate of Massachusetts and Virginia had little resemblance to West Indies and Mexico. By the time the settlers arrived; colonial cruelty and depredations of disease in the southern lands were of the past. Equally significant to American literature and history, Native Americans who met Euro pean settlers had no history of bad strangers. North American Indians were not less aggrieved by conquest, confrontation in Mexico and West Indies (Lansford, Tom, and Thomas 3). Men and women in the new world had a lot to learn about the inhabitants, the wonders yet to be seen of mighty rivers, towering peaks, shifting sands, and a huge continent that is half covered with forests of massive density. No wonderShow MoreRelatedWriters And Editors On Canovista Restoration Essay1385 Words   |  6 Pagesbook, or any other text, we find not only fragments of history, but also with a number of positions of the authors about current issues, including politics. The political relationship - is evident in literature politics, as writer Pascual Martinez as in his text Writers and editors on canovista Restoration does affects the lives of people. Poetry, and essay they all a form and part of literature to it, they are testimony. The political agenda, it could be good, bad and or indifferent. HoweverRead MoreThe Benefits of a Multicultural America1460 Words   |  6 Pages The benefits of a Multicultural America In America, people are born and raised to believe that this country was founded on human rights such as life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness. In reality these rights were not always accessible for minorities in United States. Minorities in America have had to overcome obstacles including being treated as second class citizens. Multiculturalism has existed throughout the history of America. People have migrated for thousands of years movingRead More What Is An American Essay1650 Words   |  7 Pagesequality and pursues the American dream. Every American exercises these rights and these are great adjectives to describe our country. Each of the seven readings, and the one image I compiled help mold this broader definition into a more precise description of an American. Robert Creeley, an influential American writer and poet, lived the ideal American dream. He wrote about his struggles early in his life. He lost his father at an early age and went away to school at the age of fourteen. HeRead MoreShort Answer Essay Assignment1051 Words   |  5 Pages 1. Based on the readings from weeks one and two, discuss the images of America the European writers constructed to promote colonization and settlement. What kinds of unique natural resources and environmental factors did they extol in their accounts of the New World? Relate these images to natural resources and environmental factors today. The Purposes behind coming to America was as diverse as the people living in it. America turned into the Promised Land of mankind, offering individuals aRead More Compare and Contrast the Way in which Emerson and Thoreau Represents American Identity1290 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States of America was being colonized by European countries especially by England. However, on 4th of July 1776 America became independent after having drafted the â€Å"Declaration of Independence† initiated by Thomas Jefferson [History of the United States, Wikipedia]. The difference between these two time periods shows that Britain had colonized America for about 176 years which ultimately led to prosper European cultures. Although America became an independent nation, European culture was stillRead MoreThe Theory Or No Theory?1425 Words   |  6 PagesStudies, approaches are not all encompassing for understanding America. Where there are several theories within the field, myth and symbol along with contextualism have been the primary focus of study. Theories like myth and symbol and contextualism have been used since the inception of the American Studies field. Although there is validity in these American Studies theories, they can be limiting in the scope of understanding America as a whole. The early years of American study focused on mainlyRead MoreAmerican Identity Paper: John Hector St. John de Crevecoeur641 Words   |  3 PagesAmerican Identity Paper Stafford Sweeting University of Phoenix HIS/110 Tom Albano May 28, 2011 American Identity Paper John Hector St. John de Crevecoeur was a naturalized French-American writer authored the 1782 essay Series, ‘Letters to an American Farmer’ which were presented as a book; the narratives of the collective essays describing and giving rise to what can now be determined as ‘American Ideals’ His through his ‘letters’ used American-English slang as they were used in theRead MoreJohn De Crevecoeur And Phillis Wheatley The Seduction Of Freedom1723 Words   |  7 Pageshold over them throughout their lives. They express obtaining or wanting independence through writing about certain myths of American culture and identity. This idea of unfiltered, unbiased liberty saturates images of America. Even before it officially became a gaggle of nations, North America was known as a wide-open space full of possibilities. Crà ¨vecoeur and Wheatley want the opportunity of self-determination, but it comes easier for one and with more complications for the other . Wheatley has theRead MoreQuest For Self And Cultural Identity1474 Words   |  6 Pagesborn writer Bharati Mukherjee is one of the most widely known immigrant writers of America. The immigrant writers in America can be divided into two categories. Firstly the ‘willing immigrant’ writers who settled in America from Europe and Asia and who have made it their home. The second category consists of the ‘unwilling immigrant writers’ with African origin whose forefathers were brought to America in some slave strip. But Mukherjee considered herself different from other European writers forRead MoreThe Unique Character Of America And The American People1721 Words   |  7 PagesCharacter: The Unique Character of America and the American people Throughout history, American has been characterized as a distinctive country. One with its own particular set of rules and customs that make its culture very different from cultures in other parts of the world. The idea of a unique America gives rise to two main ideas: The uniqueness of America and the effect of its uniqueness on its people. Many writers and great thinkers have incorporated these ideas into their writings. A commonly

Development of the American Experience, Thomas Jefferson Free Essays

This passage is found on page 136, left column, fourth paragraph. This passage is used by Thomas Jefferson to argue on the necessity of establishing a government to replace the old structure of governance erected and maintained by the British crown. The passage establishes the basis for the dissolution of the American people’s â€Å"political bands†(Jefferson 136) and affiliation with Great Britain by stating that although changes in the government should never be taken lightly, it is unfortunate that many people are likely to prefer and even tolerate the wrongdoings and evil deeds promoted in the existing system for the sake of familiarity. We will write a custom essay sample on Development of the American Experience, Thomas Jefferson or any similar topic only for you Order Now In general, people are afraid of the disruption brought about by systemic changes because they are afraid of uncertainty. However, they have to realize that it is their right to initiate changes in terms of government when there is enough reason to do so, such as wanton abuse of power of leaders or corrupt practices or â€Å"whenever any form of government becomes destructive† or poses a hindrance to the achievement of human rights to â€Å"life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.† (Jefferson 136) Jefferson observes that the prevailing conditions under the governance of the â€Å"present king of Great Britain† points to such circumstance of â€Å"injuries and usurpations† (Jefferson 137) which have severely impeded the political and social life of the American people. Clearly, Jefferson uses this line of argument to convince the people of the morality of self-governance and of declaring independence vis-a-vis the state of being enslaved and virtually dependent on the British for political, social, and economic sustenance. By acknowledging the doubts and difficulties that surround the decision to break the ties with the long time British ruler, Jefferson and his followers wanted to arouse a sense of righteous anger in the face of the historical abuses committed by the king and his government. For instance, he reminds his audience of how the British king has â€Å"plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, destroyed the lives of our people.† (138) In effect, Jefferson encourages his audience to rise up against the tyrannical form of government imposed by a foreign ruler through the systematic use of violence and violation of human rights. In bringing up the general hesitance of the populace, Jefferson mocks and prods them into recognizing the validity of separation and of establishing their own government as a last resort in the face of the continued refusal of the British king to petitions for redress.(139) It is evident from Jefferson’s â€Å"The Declaration of Independence† that the need to form an independent government is made inevitable in order to protect the inherent rights of the American people from another government which is exploitative and tyrannical. Undoubtedly, it is through this concept of tyranny in governance that societies are able to form their own distinct ideas of what a government or the state of social relations should be like. Thomas Jefferson would later expound on the meaning of tyranny through religious bigotry and intolerance when he proposes the passage of an act to establish religious freedom as a human right. (141) The necessity of enacting legislation to prevent religious tyranny, which presupposes the superiority of a single religion over others and promotes the propagation of religion through coercion and imposition of religious ideas and opinions over others, shows that the government functions as a regulatory mechanism for guaranteeing human rights, including ensuring that one’s human right does not deprive another of his or her rights. Thomas Paine argues, for instance, thatâ€Å"government, even in its best state, is a necessary evil† (133) to demonstrate that government only becomes a social necessity when the members of society have become too corrupted and too selfish so that they must be forced to acknowledge and perform their obligations toward others in order to experience peace and security, or when the people experience misery because of the intrusion of the government of another people. In many ways, both Jefferson and Paine’s conception of the role and relevance of the government as a social institution bears resemblance to the concepts explored by Rosseau in his thesis on the Social Contract, wherein he traces the historical roots of the birth of societies and governments, and describes the ideal relationship between the government and the people or the sovereign. Like Rosseau, Jefferson and Paine condemns the impulse towards tyranny that promotes the clash between the minority and majority interest, as represented by the tendency of the few to promote their selfish interests at the expense of others. This is exemplified in Jefferson and Paine’s account of the American experience under British rule, wherein both authors find the American people fully justified in announcing separation and in establishing â€Å"a government of our own† as â€Å"our natural right. † (Paine 135) Rosseau’s influence on the conception of nationalism on American thinkers such as Jefferson and Paine is also evident in the concepts of territory and the boundaries of private and social property that the authors use to justify the call to revolt against British colonization. This is clearly stipulated in the reasons that Jefferson and Paine enumerates, wherein they invoke the inherent human right to self-determination. (Ibid) Indeed, Jefferson’s argument on the right of the people to â€Å"alter or to abolish† a government based on its inability to protect the rights of the citizens and when it becomes an impediment towards the realization of full human development was made at a time when people lacked the confidence to believe that they were capable of governing themselves. However, Jefferson’s concept of the right of the people to a government that fully reflects and represents their collective interests and aspirations continues to resound to this day, when new forms of tyranny and new forms of oppression persists, oftentimes under the cloak of democracy or for the pursuit of human security. It is not a stretch of the mind to note the persistence of social problems such as intolerance and discrimination based on religion, gender, or social status, or the continued poverty experienced not only by the American people more so by the rest of the world, that effectively prevents the full realization of human rights and potentials that Jefferson and Paine have so boldly championed, and on which the democratic ideals of American society were built on. How to cite Development of the American Experience, Thomas Jefferson, Papers

The Monkeys Paw Essay Example For Students

The Monkeys Paw Essay The first wish made is for the reasonable, not too greedy sum of two hundred pounds, but the reader is left in suspense as the paw moves when the first wish is made, It moved! he cried, but with the money not appearing the family are quickly calm again, but the reader is left in suspense from what Jacobs writes, such as outside, the wind was higher than ever, the pathetic fallacy shows that something is different than it was the outside has worsened, and a little has crept in to the house, starting to corrupt the family, A silence unusual and depressing settled upon all three gives the reader an uneasiness feeling towards the family, creating suspense over what will become of them. The first instalment ends on suspense with Mr. White staring in to the fire, seeing faces in it. The last face was so horrible and so simian that he gazed at it in amazement This is a perfect end to instalment one as it leaves the reader tense and full of suspense. Instalment two opens with a small catch-up of the last instalment, this is a good idea of Jacobss as it may have been one or two weeks since the reader had read the last part. The presence of the family unit is still there, Mrs. White following him (Herbert) to the door shows the unity which will greater the upcoming tragedy. A time lapse then follows and the tragic events start happening, and the family starts to crumble. Herbert will have some more of his funny remarks, I expect, when he comes home This is ironic as he will not come home, but leaves the reader feeling he will be ok, which will make it even more shocking for the reader when the news arrives. Mr. And Mrs. White argue a little here, for the first time, representing some corruption, but it is also the mirror image of the final part, Mr. White convinced of the magic, Mrs. White trying to convince him it wasnt. Even so, greed also starts to show as Mrs. White is quite impatient, this could be her waiting for the money, which would represent greed entering the family. The visitor who has come to tell the family of Herberts death is very cautious and slow in saying so, the appearance heightens suspense that something may have happened, but the reader doesnt find out for another half a page, heightening suspense. The most tragic moment is probably Mrs. Whites relisation that her son is dead. The visitor bowed in assent. Badly hurt, he said quietly, but he is not in any pain Oh thank God! said the old woman, clasping her hands, Thank God for that! Thank- She broke off suddenly as the sinister meaning of the assurance dawned upon her Is one of the most tragic moments in the story, as Mrs. White thinks, even for a few seconds, her son is well, leaving the reader too in sorrow for the familys lost son. The use of the word sinister adds to the horror of this part of the story. The final twist of this part comes at the end of this instalment, and will leave the reader shocked and in sorrow for the family, They wish to present you with a certain sum as compensation This is the visitor delaying the action, but the reader should already know exactly what he is going to say, His dry lips shaped the words, How much? Two hundred pounds, was the answer.

The way black people are treated by white people in the short story Crackling Day by Peter Abrahams Essay Example

The way black people are treated by white people in the short story Crackling Day by Peter Abrahams Essay Crackling Day by Peter Abrahams is set in South Africa in the second half of the twentieth century. In the country at this time, the blacks and the whites were separated. They had different elevators in buildings, different beaches, buses, and shops. Interracial relations, and marriages were illegal. The whites owned much of the land, in fact 80% of it. They owned the mines, and the cities. The story is about 2 boys who travel all day to a farm to collect their weekly amount of crackling for their families. The story is set in the country near a town called Elsburg. This short story shows us how the blacks treated the whites, and how the blacks had to treat the whites. The story is called Crackling Day because it starts with two boys, Andries and Lee who are making the long trek to Elsburg siding for the square of pigs rind that passed for our daily meat. The boys had to collect a double amount of cow dung the day before, so that they could get the crackling. This shows that the black people were poor, as they had to perform the jobs that the white people did not want to do, such as collect cow dung, just to get some pig rind. We will write a custom essay sample on The way black people are treated by white people in the short story Crackling Day by Peter Abrahams specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The way black people are treated by white people in the short story Crackling Day by Peter Abrahams specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The way black people are treated by white people in the short story Crackling Day by Peter Abrahams specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This was there daily meat and it was all they could afford. The quotation, Ill skin you if you lose the money! shows that they did not have a lot of money. The fact that they had little money can also been seen in the fact that they did not have clothes that protected them from the cold. The cold went through my shirt and shorts; my skin went pimply and chilled; my fingers went numb and began to ache. It can also been seen that they could not afford shoes as it says, The cold was not so terrible on bear feet if one did not keep still. It can also be seen in, y feet felt like frozen lumps that did not belong to me In the story is says, They teach them to go for us. Never get caught by one. My old mans got a hole in his bottom where a Boer dog got him. They believed that white people trained their dogs to attack black people. This may not be true though. When the two boys are about to fight two white men came down the path and they ended their fight. This shows that they may have been intimidated them. When the two boys get to Elsburg, they have to queue for their crackling. The man who sells it to them is white.

Ready Case Business Concept in Apple Inc.

Ready Case Business Concept in Apple Inc. Because the Ready Case is the latest version of iPhone products introduced by Apple Corporation, the main task of the management team is to ensure the implementation of the corresponding techniques, tools, and processes for coordinating the work on a new business idea (Bygrave and Zacharakis 26). Because the technological advances constantly invade the market, the task of the management team is to attract the customers within the shortest period of time. In particular, it is necessary to introduce core business objectives and strategies.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Ready Case Business Concept in Apple Inc. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The management team is composed of three departments – the marketing department, R D department, and Quality Assurance Department. All these divisions should contribute greatly to the development and immediate distribution products (Barringer and Ireland 15). The fi rst step in launching the business concept involves organizing the advertising campaign. The marketing department, therefore, should work in cooperation with the R D department to grasp the entire idea about the Ready Case, including its advantages and disadvantages, as well as define which features are the most attractive ones for the buyers. With regard to the product description, the product will fit in a specific target group who searches for elegance, usability, and functionality. These features should be at the core of the business idea. The main task of R D department is to invest into the research on the mobile devices in related companies to assess the competitiveness of the proposed model and define what features should be presented during the advertising campaign. The second strategy should involve the development of new communication channels with the customers. Apart from creating the Internet posts and blogs, it is also possible to organize specialized crews that wil l work in the largest shops for conducting surveys. In this respect, the task of the marketing department is to develop a questionnaire that will be able to highlight the main customer’s needs and requirements. The questionnaire will specifically relate to the analysis of customer’s tastes and results. In addition, the management team can establish traditional and non-traditional retailing schemes. Finally, Quality Assurance department should take control of the production process to ensure that all the proposed features correspond to the official description. More importantly, the company should also introduce sufficient software for efficient information exchange between the consumers. The analysis of the project objectives should also be carried with regard to the quality standards. The managers of the department should also work on the development of new directions and strategies that will enhance the quality of the production.Advertising Looking for case s tudy on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Organizational Chart The efficiently structured organizational relations stand at the core of successful launching of a business idea into the market. The organizational chart, therefore, provides detailed information on the subordination schemes in a company. It also illustrates how a specific concept will be developed, as well as what responsibilities each department has to reach the objectives. The organizational chart presented below provides a clearer picture of the management team. In particular, the charts demonstrate the implementation of business plan is possible through coordination of three major departments – Marketing, R D, and Quality. As presented in the diagram, the marketing managers should be first to launch a new venture. They report directly to the advertising group and inform them about the main features that should be emphasized. The t ask of advertisers is to develop a creative concept that can be further advanced by the R D department. As soon as the idea is developed, the researchers should start conducting observations and scientific explorations to define what else could be advanced to attract the consumer demands. The data collected by this department is transmitted to the quality assurance specialist to verify the validity of the research. As soon as some pitfalls are detected, the Quality Assurance department provides corrections to the R D department for further analysis of the pitfalls. Finally, once the problems are defined and eliminated, the marketing department should introduce changes to advertising process, as well as distribute information through the established communication channels. Overall, the presented process creates the close cycle that is aimed at improving the business concept and increasing the quality of the product. The organizational chart, therefore, contributes to the expansion of the market segment and identification of potential buyers. Organizational Chart IS and Technology Plan Mission and Vision Statement The main scope of the venture consists in developing a multi-functional model for practical users who prefer using devices with built-in features (Bunton n. p.). The uniqueness of the product lies in a sophisticated synthesis of multiple functions and refined design of the Ready Case.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Ready Case Business Concept in Apple Inc. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Needs Assessment The product is design for people who like travelling and want to take the minimum of items. Therefore, the proposed iPhone case should involve useful components that will allow the customer to get the maximum benefit from its application (Bunton n. p.). Technology Description With regard to the above-established mission and objectives, iPhone involves the following functions: Headphone clip to keep the things tidy. USB drive performs several functions. It can be used for its primary purpose to load information from the laptop and serve as kickstand for the iPhone with an adjustable angle. Quick snap functions can also be adjusted to a variety of lenses. Built-in knife is also a benefit for those who are fond of extreme travelling. The width of the device is only 3 mm. The phone is waterproof and it can be taken with consumers everywhere. IPhone is also very easy to use. Objectives Because the main purpose of a business venture is to attract the customer group that is interested in using multi-functional and reliable products while travelling, the main objectives are the following: Create a product that should be of high quality and at a moderate price; Introduce high level of usability; Combine functionality with refined design; Define a new customer base with specific needs and requirements; Create a technical support team for consumers to be able t o ask questions concerning the usage of the device; Ensure professional training to the employees; Budgeting and Rationale The company should introduce appropriate budgeting to rearrange the production process and train the employees. The marketing and financial departments should be responsible for investing resource in research and development of new models, as well as introducing training programs for the employees. The advertising campaign should also be taken into consideration. Finally, there should also be resources for statistical data analysis, which can be efficiently introduced through high quality. Barringer, Bruce and R. Duane Ireland. Entrepreneurship: Successfully Launching New Ventures. US: Prentice Hall, 2008. Print. Bunton, Cam. â€Å"Ready Case: The Ultimate All-in-one case for the iPhone 5†. Today’s iPhone. 2012. Web. Bygrave, William D. and Andrew Zacharakis. Entrepreneurship. US: John Wiley and Sons, 2010. Print.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Justification For The 9/11 Attacks Essay Example for Free (#911)

Justification For The 9/11 Attacks Essay ? The United States of America is a country, which has a free-market economy, freedom of expression for its citizens and the most influential power structure in the world. According to the CIA Fact Book (2009), â€Å"It is a country that has an average per capita GDP of $48,000 and population of around 307,212,123. America is a country, which is home to Christians, Jews, Buddhists, Muslims, Hindus and atheists a like†. All of the above are the reasons for the attack on United States of America on September 11th 2001. According to Crenshaw (2003), â€Å"When the new kid in class wants to become popular, he can either be friends with the already popular guy who is strong, smart and captain of the football team, or he can pick on him and try to replace him† (P. 20). That is the psyche of the terrorists who attacked America. From the point of Al-Qaeda, it makes perfect sense to attack America because Saudi Arabia, Egypt and any other region they wanted to operate in became an ally of America. The terrorists could not operate in a state which was sharing intelligence with America, or who could foil their plans. After running from one country to another, Osama Bin Laden finds refuge in Afghanistan and uses one of America’s strengths against itself. The strength known as the free media is used to declare an open war against United States of America, and then America’s freedom is used for their own heinous agenda to carry out the attacks. In the path of world domination, the terrorists chose to attack the most leading state and come under the limelight. According to Abdullah (2003), â€Å"Their attack did not end on 9/11, but their implantation of fear in the hearts of people across the world began as a consequence of the attacks aftermath†. If you choose to believe that America could have prevented these attacks by choosing not to form allies with the chosen Middle Eastern countries, then you must also realize that could have served a major blow to America’s economy and foreign affairs. Even if America has allies in the Muslim world for global interests, it does not mean that America should become a target of terrorism. Organizations like Al-Qaeda have the ability to convert an average citizen into a extremist through their brainwashing techniques, creating hatred and blame for the Americans. This war cannot be won through infantry and missiles; this war can be won through diplomacy and open talks about foreign policy. Even if the prior bombing attacks were prevented, another set of attacks would have taken place. Suicide bombers are not apparent, these are men and women who are out to kill as much and give their life while doing it. These are people with a fatal death wish that can take hundreds of lives with them. We need to understand the reason behind this behavior; these people are coming from countries like Pakistan, Egypt, Lebanon and countries, which are underdeveloped. Their governments cannot even provide the citizens with basic health insurance, education, clean water and even electricity at times. With conditions such as these, people are easier to make to believe in a purpose, which may be as irrational as suicide bombing, to attain the fruits of afterlife. Even if that is the case, that the American government could not prevent this attack because the enemy was so committed to make a statement by recruiting attackers through brainwashing people who at times were citizens of America. Even if this war is not biological, nuclear or any of such kind, yet its psychological. Still, the doubt remains that American government could still detect the sense of anti-American propaganda spreading in the world and if it did detect it, why did it not take measures to control or counter it? The American government could have carried out a campaign to insure that it would not seem unreasonable or offensive to the Muslim world. According to Adherents (2009), The Muslim community consists of over 1. 5 billion, which is over 21% of the population of the world. Thus, it is imperative that they should have been taken into consideration before making decisions such as the openly denying of the Palestine peace treaty and forming allies with Saudi Arab even though majority of the terrorists attackers in the past and of even 9/11 were Saudis. United Sates of America must realize that it couldn’t have prevented the 9/11 attacks, but it can try to take a different approach with its foreign and national policies because the present track has not proven to be affective. Therefore, America has to realize that it is in a position of power as the world leader and with that power has received some unwanted enemies who wish to take that power from the country. In order to win this war and not let this power go into the wrong hands, America must fight along side the rest of the world. Crenshaw, M. (2003). Why America is the Primary Target? Terrorism As A Globalized Civil War. New york: Longman. Middle East Review of International Affairs. (MERIA). (December 04 2003). Causes of anti-Americanism in the Arab world: a socio-political perspective by Abdel Mahdi Abdullah. Retrieved 05th June 2009. From http://meria. idc. ac. il/journal/2003/issue4/jv7n4a6. html Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). 06th June 2009. Fact Book. Retrieved June 06th 2009. from Justification For The 9/11 Attacks. (2017, Feb 23).

Ovid's influence in Shakespeare's Venus and Adonis and The Rapes of Essay

Ovid's influence in Shakespeare's Venus and Adonis and The Rapes of Lucrece - Essay Example The title-page of Venus and Adonis, the first work which Shakespeare saw into print, was adorned with an epigraph from the Amores, a proclamation of the poems affiliation.†(p.2) Once someone realizes the ultimate truth in any discipline, be it spirituality, music, literature—the ultimate viewpoints will be identical, though the language in which it is expressed may vary. To repeat the same—the variations effected by the brilliant authors will produce brilliant results. Read Shakespeare, how easily he does it as if a bird takes to the wings to fly in the blue sky! The wise people versatile on the subject of love say—love is a bird with colorful wings that remains in the heart of the lover ever caged. It moves there with tantalizing speed to make one a bard! Love in the sixteenth century was thoroughly unconventional. Open discussion about the physical aspects of love in literature or in any form was unthinkable and not socially acceptable. Societys views on sex and desire were orthodox and a behind-the-curtain subject. Not according to Shakespeare, who was deeply influenced by Ovid, when he created Venus and Adonis. How sex can be separate from love? The logical conclusion of love is culmination in sexual acts. There is nothing ugly about the erotic forms. Sex is natural and beautiful with all the beings created by God. Nothing improper or distasteful about it. Love can not be restrained and why should one do? Love transcends reason and therefore it can be equated with the spiritual experience, when one crosses the mind barrier. Love i s fated, and it occurs not due to human endeavor. Shakespeare builds his story of Venus and Adonis on Ovids Venus and Adonis myth. It is just like two master artists creating the same painting! Its all about platonic love. Even when established on the highest citadel of love, Shakespeare doesnt

Storytelling Marketing Approach Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Storytelling Marketing Approach - Essay Example To be remembered is the aim and the story telling method is gaining strong grounds in today's dynamic global horizon. The customer gets the opportunity to perceive the story to match his own mind set and thereby accepting the story and the product underlying in the story. Imagine a child, being told a creative bed time story. The child adds his imagination to the story and if it fascinates him enough he communicates his thoughts across to many of his play group friends the next day. Every person still holds the same child like ability to appreciate and spread an interesting story. Here lies the key to the story telling method. An image is created in the mind of the customer which he further copulates and spreads across to acquaintances, friends, family. Thereby the word of mouth spreads. However as every marketing strategy, the story telling method also requires to be supported by attributes of the product to retain the buzz created.1 The aim of weaving a story is what would guide the key success factors for the strategy. Most stories are built to help people learn, absorb, remember and share information and ideas 2 stories can bring forth the strengths of a company, the vision the company has or even the past experiences of others to provide an assurance. Stories can be incorporated to market products and brands, demonstrate leadership, build affinity or many varied reasons. Few factors should be kept in mind to make sure the story telling method reaps adequate advantage for the company.3 These factors would be maintaining the timeliness of the story- communicating the story in a timely manner is crucial for its success. The other factors to be kept in mind are that the story should meet the objectives of the company. The mission and vision of the company will help ascertain the primary objective of a marketing strategy. There should also be orientation towards the detail as to what information is to be passed on to the customer and in what manner. Innovation and creativity form the key to a good story. A creative way of presenting a simple thought can help grab the attention of the customers. Personal affinity towards the story should exist for all the employees as the commitment should be visible in the employees. Finally as every marketing tool, the cost factor should be considered in the story telling method as well. Although there is an advantage in this method as it leads to buzz marketing however the cost aspect and budget analysis should be done before the planning is started. The key elements of success for story telling method of marketing can be summarized in the following manner: 1. Create a simple, credible and compelling Story The business journey and the vision that has been conceptualized should be visible in the story told to the customers. The simplicity of a story is crucial though. The people of every level in the business enterprise should be capable of believing the story. Only then can organization make the customers believe in the story. The story can be a simple narratrion about a personal achievement or an act of excellence been demonstrated at some time frame by the company. The achievement can also be about a particular division or employee of the company as employees are representatives of the larger

Adolf Loos Design Culture Essay Example for Free

Adolf Loos Design Culture Essay There are, or were, better arguments than Loos’s against the misuse of ornament. It could be considered morally dubious, because it is a means of showing off ones wealth. That historical argument was made in the days when hand-crafted decorations were very expensive, but it no longer applicable, now that ornament can be machine-made at a modest cost. In any case, good ornamentation has never been valued solely as ostentation; traditionally, it has also been seen to have real aesthetic merit. Sometimes, excessive ornamentation could be said to be unaesthetic; and in my perspective, some extreme art creations fall into this error. Art plays a particularly important and influential role in culture. It does not simply reflect culture; it creates culture. By studying ornamentation in different periods of design history, we can understand more about how it has manifested itself and why it is a vital part of our history. Window displays, if used effectively, can bring retailers new customers, create customer loyalty, and enhance the image of the business. By decorating and furnishing the display windows, retailers can attract more customers into their stores, increase the sales and revenue, because the majority of purchase decisions are made on impulse. Window displays continue to have a massive influence even until now. It is one of the most important tools to draw customers’ attention. Even from an economic perspective, ornamentation is not necessarily a waste of labour, money, and materials. The 19th century definitely is the century of decorative arts. At the beginning of the century, the arts were ornamental subjects in the education of young ladies and gentlemen. Artistic accomplishments were displayed in pleasing social performances that appeared effortless but demonstrated good taste and ideal values, knowledge, and skills. Art education was one component of a process of secular refinement that spread from the wealthy to the middling sort and included the beautification of houses, churches, as well as school buildings. The art of interior decoration and design was at the same time intimate and luxuriant. Loos argues that ornamentation is uncivilized and primitive, and would hinder the development of national culture. However, ornamentation meant more than just decoration at that time, and the acceptable use of ornament, and its precise definition became the source of aesthetic controversy in academic Western architecture, as architects and critics searched for appropriate styles. â€Å"A plain, functional form generally signified the often harsh necessities of work, and as such was tolerated in its place, but art, in the form of decoration and ornament, represented for many people a deep aspiration for a better life† (Heskett, 56). Ornamentation at that time brought not only the sense of beauty but also mentally content to its user. What do vehicles, vacuum cleaners, ironers, planes, and ships have in common? Obviously, the streamlined design. In the 20th century, streamlined design has evolved from a scientific to an ornamental purpose. While Loos argues that ornamentation is crime and designers should focus on functions, streamlined design actually improves the functionality and the durability of a product. The goal for the future is to improve aerodynamic efficiency by greatly reducing drag while maintaining and, wherever possible, increasing down-force† (Ferrari. com). As a result of using aerodynamic streamlined design, Ferrari has become one of the best hyper-sport car brands in the world for fifty years, best known for its speed and handling. â€Å"In fact, Fordism turned the factory into a kind of super-machine in its own right, with both human and mechanical parts† (Wollen, P66). Fordism is the economic period that turned craftsmanship into the mass production of standardized objects. Under Fordism, production entailed an intensified division of industrial labor; increased mechanization and the coordination of large-scale manufacturing processes to achieve a steady flow of production, and shifted toward the using of less skilled labour. This system effectively reduces the costs of producing large quantities of products and, consequently, makes the sale price significantly lower than the craftsman’s. An ornament is not considered to be a prior-determined mask anymore, to create a significance, or, to have a certain meaning, as it was during the postmodern period. It does not have the role of concealing things, as it did in different historical periods before the modern period, when its existence was futile. A good example of modern design is a wall clock. A clock is meant to draw our attentions through its function. With a fancy design, it also serves as a decoration in the environment. But no matter how fancy the design is, a clock is always meant to be seen easily and quickly. Practical and ornamental designs oftentimes intersect. In those cases, the design elements involved can either work well together or hinder each other. Loos’s argument about decoration is degenerate and inherently criminal does not stand up. Given the time in he is writing, we can forgive Loss his racist assumptions about the black and the Papuans. However, his assertion that primitive people decorate themselves in tattoos so, therefore decoration must be a degenerate practice is completely unfounded and holds no weight at all. I appreciate modern design just as much, if not more than the ordinary person, but truth be told, I am not really interested in decoration.

Aztecs 5 :: essays research papers

Analysis of an Aztec Encounter   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Spaniard and Aztec civilizations were two completely different worlds whose fated encounter caused some surprising reactions from both parties. Neither of these nations knew exactly what to expect or how to react to each other’s behaviors. Differences in religion, customs and weaponry became the deciding factors of who would be the dominant aggressor in these encounters. Even though both parties were unsure of what to expect, the Spaniards had already set a goal for themselves before they set foot in Mexico. They wanted to conquer the other nation and exploit them for anything of value.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The climax of the Aztec Empire and the conquistadors occurred when Motecuhzoma and Cortes met face to face for the first time. The Spaniards as well as the Aztecs had no clue what to expect. Motecuhzoma told Cortes, “Our lord, you are weary. The journey has tired you, but now you have arrived on earth… to sit on your throne, under its canopy.'; This was due to the fact that the Aztec religion told of a god, Quetzalcoatl, who would come from the heavens and take his place as ruler of the Aztec Empire. Thus Motecuhzoma showered the Spaniards with many fine gifts. Unlike the Spaniards believed, these fine gifts were not really a sign of Aztec submission but rather as a sign of wealth and power. In order to give proper respect to their so-called god, the Aztecs had to show that they were a worthy and powerful nation. The Spaniards took this as a weakness. They thought the Aztecs feared them, which boosted up their confidence level even though they were gre atly outnumbered.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Spaniards had to communicate with the Aztecs by using La Malinche as an interpreter. She basically made the Aztecs believe that Cortes was a good man and would be cause them no harm. They also had other indigenous people who were allied with the Spanish. The Aztecs must have viewed this as a sign that these strangers would be peaceful since they had others of their kind on the Spaniard’s side. La Malinche translated all that Motecuhzoma had said to Cortes. On page sixty-four of The Broken Spears it says, “Cortes replied in his strange and savage tongue…'; In other passages in the book it depicts the Spaniards as wild and uncivilized. This brings up another point that just as the Spaniards thought of the Aztecs as being barbaric, some Aztecs felt the same way about the Spaniards.

Radiation Dose In Pediatric Cranial Health And Social Care Essay

In the past two decennaries, the figure of encephalon computed imaging scrutiny has increased quickly. This is in big portion due to progresss in multidetector CT engineering, which allows faster image acquisition and improved image quality. The increased usage in CT surveies has led to a significantly increased radiation dosage to the patient. However, about one tierce of CT encephalons scrutinies in the paediatric group are non pertinent to the diagnosing and direction. These show that it is non the best trial for the kids. Comparing with grownups, kids are more variety meats radiosensitive to radiation ; they will hold longer life clip hazard to confront cancerous alterations induced by radiation. In response to increasing concern for patient radiation protection, we should utilize the right proficient parametric quantities to protect the kids from inordinate and unneeded radiation dosage for these by CT scan. To cut down the radiation dosage, the doctors and radiotherapists shoul d ever conscious to cut down CT scan radiation dosage for kids. Furthermore, we can develop some appropriate schemes to optimise scanning patterns based on the age, clinical indicants and organic structure size of the patients. Undertaking aims and significance ( Max. 1 page: State the intent of the proposed survey, place cardinal issues and jobs being addressed, province possible result in footings of its relevancy, significance and value ) The intent of this survey is to look into the consequence of dose decrease in different parametric quantity used in the Brain CT scan. In the visible radiation of addition the usage of encephalon CT scrutiny, dose decrease while maintain the CT diagnostic value and image quality is a ambitious undertaking. Since a figure of issues are related to CT radiation, they have become more outstanding as usage has increased. The issues concerns about the part of CT to a comparatively big radiation dosage to the populace. Furthermore, kids have more organ radiosensitive than grownups and they have a longer lifetime hazard radiation-induced malignant neoplastic disease. Therefore, we should do accommodation of paediatric CT parametric quantities based on the size or part of involvement to be scanned. On the other manus, the decrease of radiation dosage to cranial CT may depend on many factors such as replacing of CT usage, by utilizing other mode ( MRI or ultrasound ) which have less radiation dosage, lessening in the figure of CT surveies requested. The aim of this survey is to find whether a lower radiation dosage technique could be used for paediatric cranial CT without impacting the diagnostic value and image quality in the scrutiny. Reviewing the literature and compare the approximative equivalent dosage to relevant organ ( mSv ) , I find that the protocol scenes in planing for kids and grownups are about the same. The radiation decrease can be about 50 % reduced by altering some parametric quantities. Therefore, the CT protocol scenes in cranial CT used for grownups should non be used for kids. It is the clip we should alter the attitude and face the job how to cut down the radiation dosage in CT engineering for kids. The CT makers, doctors, radiotherapists and radiographer besides portion the duty to keep an appropriate balance between radiation dosage and diagnostic image quality. Background ( Max. 2 pages: A clear, comprehensive and up-to-date but concise reappraisal of the literature ; sum up and give cardinal mentions on related work, including old and alternate attacks to the jobs ) CT is a various diagnostic process and it can give high diagnostic output. However, CT scanning comprises about 15 % of the radiological scrutiny and represents the largest beginning ( about 70 % ) of radiation dosage to the patient.1, 9 The usage of CT encephalon in kids is increasing in the past two decennaries. Indeed, CT induced radiation dosage is comparatively high compared with other imaging technique. The hazard for paediatric patients to develop long term biological effects following exposure to ionising radiation is higher than that for grownups because their cells, tissues and variety meats have a higher radiosentivity and they have a longer clip to live.2,11 The European Commission ( EC ) states that & amp ; acirc ; ˆ?radiation exposure in the first 10 old ages of life is estimated to hold a hazard about 4 times greater than exposure incurred at 30-40 old ages of age for some damaging effects & A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢.3 Give the recent attending to radiation hazards, the radiation dosage of cranial CT in kids and the demand for accommodations in parametric quantities to the populace, we should understand more about existent pattern of cranial CT in paediatric patients. Most CT Centre merely follows the recommended scenes of the makers, but these may non the best appropriate scenes for the patient. For paediatric cranial CT, there is no consensus about the optimal scene in different infirmaries. To understand a patient receives how much of the radiation dosage in a peculiar scan, one must hold cognition of the methods of dose measuring. Radiation dosage is influenced by the radiation quality, the geometry of the scanner, the sensor type and the current transition of the tube.10 Dose increases nonlinearly with an addition in tube electromotive force but will diminish the image noise. Typically, an addition in kVp from 120 to 140kVp will increase the dose by about 47 % . The incursion is improved and an about 70 % higher dosage reaches the sensor. But in some articles, informations suggest that kVp every bit low as 80 kVp can besides supply acceptable image quality in neonates.4 Milliamperes ( ma ) and gantry rotary motion rhythm clip ( in seconds ) are combined to supply a step of radiation normally known as the tubing current ( ma ) . A additive relationship exists between tubing current and the radiation dosage. By cutting down the ma half, the patient exposure can be reduced by 50 % while maintaining the same noise degree and image quality. Cohnen et Al besides studied CT dosage in paediatric cranial CT and concluded that a 40 % decrease was possible.7 Chan et Al performed CT in kids aged 1-12 old ages with several different milliampere 2nd valleies and he found that a 40 % decrease in milliampere seconds could be used in paediatric cranial CT.2,8 Section thickness and table velocity besides affect dosage. The faster table velocity and thicker piece should be selected based on the scan indicant. In general, most paediatric CT scan can be performed at a pitch of 1.5.5,6,12 Adjustment in piece thickness and pitch demand to be balanced against the possible loss in spacial declaration from the increased image noise. Multiple dose descriptions have been used in the past. Presently, the Computed Tomography Dose Index ( CTDI ) , along with its discrepancies, and the Dose Length Product ( DLP ) are the standard parametric quantities used to depict CT associated radiation dosage. Radiation dose CTDI is measured in milligrays as displayed on the CT proctor every bit good as DLP which are calculated by the CT machine automatically. Increase the tube electromotive force from 120kVp to 140kVp additions the CT dosage index ( CTDI ) by a factor of 1.4, but decrease the tubing electromotive force to 80kVp lowers the CTDI by a factor of about 2.2.13 We can measure the paediatric cranial CT protocol and happen the CT radiation dosage that is recommended to be every bit low as moderately accomplishable. Hence, we need to unite different attacks sing to CT dose decrease. In add-on, the refering parties including doctors, radiotherapists and radiographers must take the duty to keep an appropriate balance in scanning parametric quantities, diagnostic image quality and radiation dosage. Long term schemes is desperately set up that include encouraging development and acceptance of paediatric CT protocols, educating working staff through diary publications and conferences within and outside the radiology fortes, carry oning farther research to find the relationship between CT quality and dosage. We besides customize CT scanning for single kids to optimise exposure scenes and to measure the demand for CT in an single patient. Methodology ( soap. 2 pages: including research design, program, stuffs, methods and cardinal mentions ) The survey will be carried out in CT scan room at the Radiology Department of the Princess Margaret Hospital. A entire figure of 100 paediatric patients aged under 15 old ages for encephalon CT scan during January to June 2011 by indiscriminately selected as topics of this survey. Before informations aggregation, the survey will acquire the blessing from the Department Manager Mr. Fung and so explicate to all CT radiographers to acquire their full cooperation in the survey. Furthermore, the process will be explained to each patient and their parents in order to obtain their permission in the survey. The patients will split into two groups, one is control group and the others are study group. Brain CT scan will be done by utilizing paediatric CT scan protocol in the control group. We can measure the radiation dosage by altering the exposure parametric quantities in the survey group. Brain CT scan was done utilizing 64-section CT scanner GE lightspeed VCT machine. Image obtained utilizing a multi-slice axial computed imaging system of 5mm piece thickness without automatic choice of effectual ma. Scaning parametric quantities that affect radiation dosage include peak kilovoltage, tubing current, pitch etc. Therefore, the survey group will be divided into 3 parts. The first portion is to compare the different kVp ( 80kVp, 100kVp and 120kVp ) to the image quality while other puting kept at a changeless scene. The 2nd portion is to compare the different tubing current ( 100mAs and 120 ma ) and the 3rd portion is to compare the different pitch ( 1 and 1.5 ) . All CTDI and Dose-Length P roduct will be recorded after the scrutiny. I will ask for two radiotherapists Dr. Yung and Dr. Lam to reexamine the movies in a double-blinded mode by utilizing 6 inquiries assessment strategy. Question 1-5 are refering about radiation dosage and image quality for visualising defined anatomical constructions. The anatomical construction chosen for reappraisal included: ( Q1 ) border of the sidelong ventricles, ( Q2 ) the basilar arteria in the prepontine cistern, ( Q3 ) internal capsules, ( Q4 ) ambient cistern, ( Q5 ) gray-white distinction at the degree of 4th ventricles. The inquiry 6 will inquire the radiotherapists grade of assurance in doing a diagnosing. A 5-point marking system will be used for rating. Indicate 5 means the anatomical construction can clearly be visualized and the assurance degree in making a diagnosing are about 90 % or above. Indicate 4 agencies visual image and assurance are about 70 % . Point 3,4 and 5 are about 50 % , 30 % and less than 10 % severally. Consistency of marking will be assessed by giving 40 scans to the two radiotherapists. The average tonss given to these 6 inquiries during the first and 2nd reading will be compared. Statistical analysis will set about utilizing assurance interval ( CI ) and hypothesis testing, as expressed by P values. The assurance interval can demo the deficiency of preciseness in the estimation of involvement and therefore conveyed more utile information than the P value which are merely a quantitative value. For each reader, 95 % CI and a two sample t-test will execute to compare the average value of the tonss for each inquiry between the two groups. For inquiry 6, this assessed the radiotherapists & A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢ assurance degree, farther distribution of tonss between the two groups. Dependability trials to measure intra-reader understanding in hiting the movies were besides carried out by utilizing 95 % CI and paired t-test. Analysis was facilitated by the usage of commercially available computing machine statistics plan SPSS ver.1.7.

Macbeths Change Through Lady Macbeth Essay

What would make any man change himself and his personality? Marriage? Without a doubt, Macbeth’s real tragedy is his marriage. Macbeth changed from good to evil from Lady Macbeths influence through manipulation and her dominance in her marriage role. From the beginning Lady Macbeth is viewed as very controlling, strong, and certain. â€Å"First, she has very little regard for her husband’s humanity and actually derides him for being â€Å"too full o’th’ milk of human kindness† (Thompson 1). This shows how cold Lady Macbeth is, as milk is the food of new born children, she is implying Macbeth is too much like a kind child to murder anyone. Once Macbeth has the courage to tell her he does not want to continue with the murder she rallies, calling him a ‘coward’, saying that if he could murder Duncan ‘he were a man’. This to Macbeth, a proud and mighty warrior is a deep insult, and he soon is convinced that he will carry out the murder. Macbeth’s real tragedy is his marriage lies with the fault of his wife Lady Macbeth (Thompson 1). â€Å"Macbeth’s violent behavior is correctly understood as, and deemed to be, bravery because it is in service of his friends and â€Å"cousins.† His loyalty is what is being lauded. But, mangled by the blood-spotted hands of his wife, he becomes a traitor to his â€Å"brother band† and to himself. Her monomaniacal ambition changes him into a monster.† She is literally â€Å"awakened† by her blind and vaulting ambition to realize she did not want the kind of man she thought she wanted (Scheil 2). â€Å"She is desperate to fit in with her husband’s warrior society, and fails to do so.† Lady Macbeth’s downfall comes more quickly than Macbeths when we see her weaknesses coming through, only on her own however. We see that she is troubled by guilt, saying that they never should have murdered Duncan. She’s a guilty wreck; she is sleepwalking and talking gibberish. She says ‘What, will these hands never be clean? These words echo her word earlier in the play, when she talks of washing ‘their hands of this deed’; she has now realized that the guilt that has overcome her will never leave. She willingly commits suicide leaving her husband not to mourn her passing but to simply comment ,†She should have died hereafter† â€Å"Macbeth’s life of striving for greatness, as he himself now realizes, has blossomed into no more than a withered leaf† (Pellikha 2). Macbeth no longer fears anything, for he has seen too much violence and fear to be affected anymore. â€Å"Macbeth, on the other hand, determines not to surrender and not to fall upon his sword, for at the end his overconfidence blinds him to any possible danger† (Thompson 7).

Loss, Grief and Unhappiness

Loss, Grief and Unhappiness Loss, Grief and Unhappiness Loss, Grief and Unhappiness Grief is the deepest pain an individual has to deal with after a loss. When a beloved one vanishes grief sets in, and the life became a complete unhappiness. Mourning is a natural way of expressing grief it is the simplest form of grief management that a human has mastered over time to a substantial extent. In all parts of the world the surroundings of people play a crucial role in grief management. Analyzing the Bharati Mukherjee story Management of Grief this paper gives a brief examination of the three elements: loss, grief and unhappiness. Bharati Mukherjee’s ability to illustrate the life of a group of people in an effective manner, with a number of disturbing concerns as a result of their harsh realities, is commonly perceptive. Shaila’s experienced the demise of her beloved partner. There was the reflection to manage her grief. The pressure from her family to get marry one more time was based on the traditions of the Indian culture. However, being a part of another culture, with its new ideas and practices, Shaila faced a number challenges and circumstances (Mukherjee 1999). To conclude, the traditional way of living determines to a significant extent, how people will cope with their sorrow. However, nowadays the existence of new ideas and solutions affects people’s choices and decisions made towards grieving. It is also a noteworthy observation that when a person grieves, other people play an enormous role. Loss causes grief which brings unhappiness and sorrow. Mukherjee manages to expose these harsh realities in his work The management of Grief. live CHAT

How Does Globliztion Affect Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

How Does Globliztion Affect Women - Essay Example This essay stresses that communicÐ °tion is lÐ °unching Ð ° women's rÐ °dio stÐ °tion to educÐ °te women Ð °bout their legÐ °l rights Ð °nd similÐ °r mÐ °tters. In the Ð SIL rÐ °dio series on The IndividuÐ °l Ð °nd GlobÐ °lizÐ °tion, lÐ °wyers helped creÐ °te Ð ° spÐ °ce in which women in the developing world told their stories to Ð ° broÐ °d Ð °udience. In EcuÐ °dor, Ð ° lÐ °wyer skilled in mediÐ °tion enÐ °bles Ð °n indigenous group to Ð °void the expense of nÐ °tionÐ °l courts. Postmodern lÐ °wyers cÐ °n even Ð °ppropriÐ °te Ð °dvertising. Pierre SchlÐ °g describes Ð ° Mobil Ð °dvertisement, for exÐ °mple, in which the oil compÐ °ny exploits refugees to enhÐ °nce its corporÐ °te imÐ °ge. WhÐ °tever its objective, the Ð °dvertisement mÐ °y well contribute to Rorty's "sympÐ °thy"--unfocused, sentimentÐ °l, but sympÐ °thy nevertheless. This paper makes a conclusion that the postmodern Ð °ttorney represents her client in Ð ° new wÐ °y. Unlike the clÐ °ssic lÐ °wyer, she does not seek to simply represent her client's interests before the Ð °ppropriÐ °te tribunÐ °l. RÐ °ther, she recognizes thÐ °t those interests mÐ °y not be cognizÐ °ble under the lÐ °w. The economic rights of mÐ °rginÐ °lized women Ð °re rÐ °rely recognized in nÐ °tionÐ °l lÐ °w Ð °nd only vÐ °guely suggested in internÐ °tionÐ °l lÐ °w. The postmodern Ð °ttorney must find other wÐ °ys to support her clients. Ð  CÐ °mpÐ °ign for Economic Justice, for exÐ °mple, wÐ °s orgÐ °nized by women who hÐ °d been on welfÐ °re themselves. They filled Ð ° bus Ð °nd trÐ °veled Ð °cross the country for two months, stopping for Ð ° series of cÐ °refully orchestrÐ °ted meetings, rÐ °llies, Ð °nd slide shows.

Reader Based Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reader Based Writing - Essay Example Moreover, the staff will initiate better relationships with the clients since the acquisition of this knowledge will propel them. This improvement is possible only after we undertake this program and motivate the staff through appraisals, and other forms of appreciation. This program will attribute additional skills to the workers. This report explores the essence of the adoption of the quality leadership program to the organization. The organization requires establishing an objective that will compel the employees to converge their efforts towards accomplishing it. The predominant element in this endeavor is the enhancement of the efficiency of the organization, which will consequently advance the output of CSSI INC. The alignment of aims of CSSI will enable it to expand successfully. This program will be beneficial to CSSI INC if the training can address elements such as: Therefore, the training should incorporate the strategic aims that the organization expects to attain. According to Shammot (158), inclusion of experts to assist in heightening of the expertise of the workforce will advance the agility of the staff. In addition, the employees will establish innovative methods to counter the impediments that perturb the organization. Evidently, participation of employees n this endeavor will initiate innovation since the workforce will acknowledge mechanism that will ensure efficient operation of tasks. This program should incorporate exercises to promote integrity, as this will motivate the workers to be fair and establish an appropriate foundation for teamwork to develop (Shammot 160). Cordial relations of the workforce are essential since it can initiate cooperation among the personnel. This can promote coordination among the departments and eventually they will make a synchronized effort towards the corporation’s objectives. Finally, it is vital that the program entails the aspirations of the company. CSSI should be

GEOL - Meteorology and Space Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

GEOL - Meteorology and Space Science - Essay Example Scientists almost proved that more greenhouse gases appeared in the atmosphere after the industrial revolution and with the development of the technology. Heating effect is dangerous for human life, moreover global warming causes many other problems such as rising sea level, undesirable change of climate etc. The given paper will discuss the potential causes and consequences of global warming and try to find possible solutions. Actually, some scientists do not believe in global warming. Some people consider it to be a myth. In order to define if it is really a myth or a real phenomenon, it is important to implement scientific research. Moreover, according to some researchers, the global warming is a phenomenon that was not caused by industrial revolution as it was met before: â€Å"Global warming is not a 20th century phenomenon. It has, in fact, occurred in the past more than once, along with periods of extreme cold known as the ice ages. With so much written and reported about global warming, sometimes its difficult to detect which is fact and which is just part of scientific scare tactics† (Fiset). There are indicators, which are used by scientists to control the climate shift, the main of them are temperature and sea levels. Researches made certain conclusions about the changes in temperature during the last 1,000 years. The 20th century is characterized by frustration of temperature. Between the1960-1970s the earth underwent the period of cooling, but still in general the average temperature increased. The temperature is increasing by 0.1-0.2 oC every ten years. â€Å"Keeping planetary warming below two degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) would, it was thought, avoid such perils as catastrophic sea-level rise and searing droughts. Staying below two degrees C would require limiting the level of heat-trapping carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to 450 parts per million (ppm), up from todays 395 ppm and the

Enhancing Employability in Marketing Assignment

Enhancing Employability in Marketing - Assignment Example Particularly, the banking and finance industry has witnessed this and there is since a vacancy hence the need to employ more marketers and advertisers in London as its the country’s hub. Financial services, professional services, not-for-profit and media are hiring the majority of marketers in London (Anderson & Marsh, 2011). Also, another current trend worth taking note of in the marketing and advertising industry in the U.K is high demand for digital marketers. Technology has revolutionized the traditional way of doing business. Companies are now hiring personnel who can compete globally and those who are techno-savvy. For example, online marketing is a tool used by most companies that want to gain a global audience. This therefore means that there will be a very high demand for digital marketers who can use various online methods as channels of communication. Another significant trend in this industry is demand for marketers driven by regional specific industries. Each region in the U.K has a specialized marketing need. They will therefore hire marketers who they think will be most appropriate for those various needs. An example would be Leeds is dominated by retail, financial and professional services; Sheffield by manufacturing and public sector; Greater Manchester has a diverse mix of industry, com merce, public sector, as well as dominating the creative agency sector outside of London. The location of the port cities of Liverpool and Newcastle mean they operate almost as separate economies in their own right. This means that the demand for marketers will vary greatly and will definitely depend on the demand and supply rule otherwise known as Adams invisible hand theory. (CBI employability report 2010). Finally, the industry has also experienced a high turnover in the fast moving consumer goods sector.

Trade Kings A Zambia Consumer Company Marketing Essay

Trade Kings A Zambia Consumer Company Marketing Essay For a firm in its initial internationalisation, it will have to use indirect export strategies where it uses intermediary organisations that have the necessary experience in handling export sales on behalf of experienced or low level exporting organisations. As the firms export grows and the firm acquires knowledge in the export market including the preparations of the export documents, it may now opt to use the direct export strategy with less use of intermediaries Most companies would prefer to remain domestic if their domestic market were large enough. Managers would not need to learn other languages and laws, deal with volatile currencies, face political and legal uncertainties or redesign their products to suit different customer needs and expectations. A higher degree of involvement in the domestic market and the company may need a larger customer base to achieve economies of sale. As Trade Kings expanded in Zambia, its marketing pesonnel was able to collect information on the potential opportunities in Malawi. It was actually observed that travelers going to Malawi had introduced the brand maheu there and was a popular brand. This information provided the basis for conducting formal market research which revealed that the brand would successfully sale in Malawi. The company eventually entered the Malawian Market in 2001 through an indirect export strategy. LEARNING CURVE REQUIREMENTS Firms which intend a heavy future involvement might need to learn from the experience that close involvement in an overseas market can bring, some companies may not have any major resources and experience in international trade. Trade Kings did not have any experience in international marketing as it was initially only selling its brands in Zambia. RISKS Some risks such as political risks or the risk of the expropriation of overseas assets by foreign government encourages firms entering into overseas markets to persue an indirect exports strategy as it is safer. On the other hand, the risk of losing touch with customers and their requirements would encourage a direct export strategy. There is political stability in Malawi, Mozambique and South Africa and this provided opportunities for Trade Kings to enter these foreign markets. The lack of experience in export marketing meant that Trade Kings would have to use already experienced exporters, although it would not be in touch with the customers in these countries. CONTROL NEEDS Control over the export operations, particularly over the marketing mix and the distribution channel varies between indirect and direct exporting strategies. Indirect export strategy offers virtually no control to the exporters. Trade Kings had no control over indirect exporters. These were willing to sale on behalf of Trade Kings. However, Trade Kings later opted to use direct export strategy which allowed for greater control over its export operations in Malawi, Mozambique and South Africa. HOW MANY MARKETS TO ENTER The company must decide how many foreign markets to enter and how fast to expand. The risk is the substantial resources needed and the difficulty of planning export strategies into many diverse markets. (Kotler 2004, Page 640). EVALUATING POTENTIAL MARKETS It is important to evaluate the potential of several foreign markets. Many companies prefer to sell to neighbouring countries because they understand these countries better and can control their costs effectively. Most Zambians are familiar with Malawi due to historical and political factors. Trade Kings would not find it difficult to enter the Malawian Market. DECIDING HOW TO ENTER THE MARKET Once a company decides to target a particular country, it must determine the best mode of entry. Its broad choices regarding export strategies include an indirect export strategy and a direct import strategy. A firm internationalizing for the first time has no experience in export documentation, lack local knowledge in the foreign market and valuable distribution contacts. Trade Kings had to depend on the experienced exporters. In this case it would have to use indirect export strategy. EXPORTING STRATEGIES Exporting is the easiest, cheapest, and most commonly used route in to a new foreign market. Many firms become exporters in an unplanned haphazard and reactive way, simply by accepting orders from the potential customers who happen to be based overseas. However it was common for a firm to take a proactive approach to exporting by the systematic planning and the identification and the selection of target markets for its exports. This gives rise to several advantages over those entry methods which require greater involvement in the overseas market. 3.1 ADVANTAGES TO THE EXPORTER 3.1.1 The principal benefit is that the exporters are able to concentrate production in a single location, in order to achieve economies of scale and consistency of product quality. Trade Kings would produce the Maheu brand and distribute it to its foreign markets in Malawi, Mozambique and South Africa. The demand as at now does not require the setting up of a plant in these countries. However Trade Kings is considering a plant in Malawi that will produce a range of consumer products similar to the ones produced in Zambia. 3.1.2 Firms lacking the know-how and experience can try internationalization on a small scale. Trade kings had started exporting maheu brand on a small scale until the brand gained popularity in 2002. The demand for the brand had increased in Malawi. 3.1.3 Exporting enables firms to develop and test their plans and strategies. Trade Kings had to attain the learning curve effect and eventually was able to persue a more expansionary export sales to Malawi, Mozambique and South Africa by persuing direct export strategy. 3.1.4 Exporting enables firms to minimize their operating costs, administrative overheads and personnel requirements. 3.2 INDIRECT EXPORT STRATEGY 3.2.1 EXPORT HOUSES Export house are firms which facilitate exporting on behalf of the producer. There are three main types of export houses: EXPORT MERCHANTS These act as export principals, they buy goods from a producer and sell them abroad. Trade Kings was able to sell its maheu brand to export merchants in Lusaka who where exporting a range of consumer products in Malawi. ADVANTAGES OF EXPORT HOUSES The producer gains the benefits of the export houses market knowledge and contacts. Trade kings was able to use a major export house ABC international export that was able to buy a range of consumer products from various suppliers in Zambia and transport them to malawi, Mozambique and South Africa. As business continued with ABC company, Trade Kings acquired knowledge that was helpful in setting its own export market department. Except in the case of export agents the producer is relieved of the need to do the following: Finance the export transaction Suffer the credit risk Prepare export documentation Trade Kings was not able to incur any promotional and distribution expenses. This was borne by ABC Company. All export documentation was done by the exporter. In some cases export merchants receive preferential treatment from foreign institutional and organisational customers. ABC International Exporters is a large company that has been in the export marketing of consumer products to Malawi including supplying goods to government institutions and organizations. It has developed strong relationships with valuable contacts in the country that it exports to. DISADVANTAGES OF EXPORT HOUSES Ultimately, it is not the producer but the marchants decision to market a product and so a producer is at the Merchants mercy. At this time the merchant was buying less Trade Kings brand in preference to their company brands. Any goodwill created in the market usually benefits the Merchant and not the producer. As with all intermediaries, an export house or Merchants might service a variety of producing organization. An individual producer cannot rely on the Merchants exclusive loyalty. Trade kings brands has created strong loyalty in Malawi, However ABC Company was not effectively marketing the brand. It was also over -pricing the brand leading to lower sales. The exporter also was also increasing stock of Trade Kings Competitor. This lead to the creation of Trade Kings export marketing department. Export houses are not normally willing to enter into long term arrangements with a producer. Trade King had entered with a 2 (two) year contract with ABC International Exporters as they did not want a 5 (five) year contract initially.However as demand for the brand increased in Malawi, the exporter wanted a long term contract. Trade Kings entered in to contract with a specialist export management firm, International Distributors Limited, a specialist export Consultancy and logistics firm. DISADVANTAGES OF SPECIALIST EXPORT MANAGEMENT The drawbacks of using the specialist export managers include:- As the export manager is an independent organisation, it can leave the producers service and the producer will have gained as inhouse expertise. The contract was not renewed because the international distributor firm lacked the resources to fully exploit the foreign markets. As the producer does not learn from experience of exporting, this may adversely affect future options by restricting those available. The Trade Kings did not benefit any export knowledge from the distributors as all export management functions were done by the firm. The specialist export manager may not have sufficient knowledge of all the producers in the market. International distributors proved to lack adequate knowledge in the foreign markets in which Trade Kings could increase its sales. 3. COMPLIMENTARY EXPORTING Complementry exporting or piggy back exporting occurred when one producing organisation refered to as the carrier uses its own established international marketing channels to market the products of another producer referred to as the rider as well as its own. ADVANTAGES OF COMPLIMENTARY EXPORTING There are advantages to both the carrier and the rider as follows: The carrier earns increased profit from a better use of distribution capacity and can sell a more attractive product range. The rider obtains entry to a market at low cost and low risk. Trade Kings did not use this mode of indirect export strategy. 4. TURNKEY CONTRACTS Turnkey contracts may also provide opportunities for complementary exporting. A single firm engaged in a particular project overseas such as construction, petroleum refining, pharmaceutical and civil engineering projects will often acquire products and services from other firms in the home country for the project. (Hill 2005, page 485) Trade kings did not use much of indirect export strategy. DIRECT EXPORT STRATEGY Direct export strategy occurs where the producing organisation itself performs the export tasks rather than using an intermediary. Sales are made directly to customers overseas who may be wholesalers, retailers or final users. Sales may increasingly be made via e- commerce on the internet. As the volume of sales increased and a forcast of demand showed that Trade Kings brand were steadily growing including detergents, candles, match ticks. Sweets , snacks and bathing soaps. Marketing in this environment is similar to the marketing in the domestic market, although there are the added problems of distance product regulations language and culture.(Hill, 2005 Page 488) OVERSEAS AGENCIES Overseas export agent is an overseas firm hired to effect a sales contract between the principal (i.e the exporter) and a customer. Agents do not take title of goods, they earn a commission. Trade Kings entered into a contract with Malawi export agent, Malawi export Limited. THE ADVANTAGES OF OVERSEAS AGENTS An exporter may use overseas agents due to the following reasons:- They have extensive knowledge and experience of overseas market and the customers. Malawi Export Limited, an indeginous local firm, large importer was able to increase the sale of trade Kings products. Their existing product range is usually complementary to the exporters. This may help the exporter penetrate the overseas market. Unlike ABC international exporters who were able to stock Trade Kings Competitors brands. The exporter does have to make a large investment outlay. Trade Kings did not have to spend resources in building a depot and managing it. This was all done by the Malawi Export Limited. The political risk is low Malawi export Limited is an indigenous Malawian firm and has vast local knowledge and local contraact. It is able to withstand any political challenges in Malawi. DISADVANTAGES OF USING OVERSEAS AGENTS The disadvantages of using overseas agents and these are: An intermediarys commitment and motivation may be weaker than the producers. The Malawi export Limited was still able to market others brand by different suppliers and was based towards brands whose turnover was very high compared to Trade Kings brands. Agents usually want steady turnover using an agent may not be the most appropriate way of selling low volume, high value goods with unsteady patterns of demand, or where sales are infrequent. Trade Kings brand were of average turnover and Malawi Export Limited failing to meet the expectations of Trade Kings. This led to the formation of a Trade Kings branch office in Malawi. This would also deal with Mozambique and South Africa. Many agents are too small to exploit a major market to its full extent. Many service only limited geographic segments. As a market grow large it becomes less efficient to use as an agent. A branch office or subsidiary company will achieve economics of scale. The demand for the Trade king brands kept on growing since 2004 and management had to commit its resources in developing an overseas branch office in Malawi. A careful analysis was done by Trade Kings prior to the selection of the Malawi Export Limited Company to act as an overseas agent for the Malawian market. COMPANY BRANCH OFFICES ABROAD A firm can establish its own office in a foreign market for the purpose of marketing and distributing its product. ADVANTAGES OF A COMPANY BRANCH OFFICE The advantage of Companys branch office in setting its own distribution office, a firm may have the following advantages: When sales have reached a certain level branch offices become more effective than agencies. A Trade King Branch was finally opened in the capital city, Lilongwe in Malawi on 1st June, 2005 with most staff being Malawians. Sales performance will improve as the commitment and motivation of a producers own staff should be more effective than those of an agent. Trade Kings Staff were committed to ensure that they attained the sales targets. The level of motivation was high leading to surpassed sales targets in 2006, this lead to the expansion of the branch to also effectively manage sales in Mozambique. The producer retains complete marketing control. Trade Kings had now a strong presence in Malawi and in Mozambique.The branch was now able to pursue aggressive marketing of Trade Kings brands through advertising campaigns, sales promotions campaigns and participation in trade exhibitions in Malawi and Mozambique. DISADVANTAGE OF COMPANY BRANCH OFFICES ABROAD Trade Kings experienced the following drawbacks when it set- up firm setting an overseas Company branch in Malawi Higher investment overhead and running costs are entailed. There can be a political risk particulaly expropriation of assets. The firm will be subject to local staff legislation which it may not welcome. CONCLUSION Mode of entry has implications for the distribution channel. Although in domestic markets firms often give some control over distribution to intermediaries this problem is magnified in international terms. Trade Kings later experienced distribution problems through its indirect export strategy in Malawi. The distributors had earlier on provided Trade Kings with higher sales. However it started to over stock a range of products from various competing firms. This led to a decline in Trade Kings maheu brand despite the product having established brand loyalty on the Malawian market. It can be observed that, for many overseas operations means they are forced into the aims of intermediaries even though this may not be the ideal means of the satisfying the needs of the end consumers. Trade kings enventually had to opt for investing directly in the Malawian market through a direct export strategy.

Global Expansion Essay -- essays research papers

Before entering a dark place, most people tend use some type light emitting device to provide direction and guidance; so they are able to see what is in front of them, so that Do not fall. The same principal should be used when attempting to sell overseas. Before attempting expand into a new market domestically; your success depends on research planning and timing. This will give you the necessary light needed to find out if you have the right offering, and pinpoint a high-potential customer base. In addition, it helps you find the right partners to help you out your planning, then tapping consumer or business markets overseas have the potential to benefit your business tremendously.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The cultural divide is still ever persistent, but the good news is that it's getting smaller and smaller. It may never disappear totally because of the way most us tend to stay within our cultural bounds. Most of us Americans believe that we are supposed to be positive, dynamic and assertive no matter what but is the proper way to do things in other countries? Probably not. Yet, that’s the American way of doing things. Many of us are pretty comfortable with our own customs but normally feel threaten when cross cultural lines. Normally we feel uncomfortable or even threaten when boundaries are crossed, but adjustments must be made for firms to be successful overseas. In most of the world, business is about people and relationships, win-win relationships built on mutual trust. Of course, business involves selling and buying and making money. But for the most of the world, good business follows mutual trust, not vice versa. Friendship comes before money talk. In addition, mutual trust usually results from comfort levels they achieve with each other. Politically incorrect or not, let's face it. It is more difficult to feel comfortable with   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   people who don't look like us or talk like us. The failure to adjust, to the difference between people can cause an organization to fail miserable when trying expand in overseas markets. After investigati... ...ly been open to the world for 20 years therefore, its growth has been extraordinary. Vietnam's economy has weathered the global economic slowdown of 2001 better than most other Asian economies, largely due to the fact that it is less integrated into the world economy and less vulnerable to declines in demand for its exports. Vietnam is growing economy with a bright future ahead of it. For our firm to expand international we must continue to make low cost product to support the ever-growing elderly population and challange people of these nations the ability to moving around with little or trouble.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before we expand to any of these nations we need to ensure that have a firm understanding of their culture. Friendship and understand first, then the bottom line should be discuss. .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  References Retrieved October 5, 2002 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/rp.html Retrieved October 8, 2002 http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/vntoc.html Retrieved October 10, 2002 http://www.singstat.gov.sg/

Cultural Issues in Middle School Essay

Middle school is one of the most difficult situations of transition. Middle schoolers are awkward, hard to deal with and confused. They aren’t children but certainly not adults. They are egocentric to say the least and have little concern for the consequences of their actions. Yet, they are also one of the best ages to work with, if one is willing to try to understand their difficult lives. The culture in middle school can be broken down as such: sexuality, intellect, and social status. Sexually, these students have to deal with their changing bodies and feelings. They also have to try to understand how these feelings and changes fit in appropriately within the community. This is the area they are most sensitive toward. Intellectually, students have to decide if being â€Å"smart† is something they are willing to do. In some environments, being smart is cool, so those students who are gifted have no trouble fitting in. In other schools, these students are outcasts. When it is not cool to be smart, many students have a hard decision to make. If they show their gifts, they may sacrifice social standing. When it is cool, the struggling students feel even more left out and troubled. At times, these students may even act dumber to try to hide how much they truly struggle. Social status varies with each school environment. Wealth, possessions, address, family legacy and athletic ability are all indicators of success. Middle school is a contest and students are constantly scrutinizing each other to see who will win, popularity being the prize, of course. There are leaders and followers; the status symbols then change as the leaders themselves change. Whether it is the newest clothing label, shoe or track star, the culture of middle school is dominated by judgment. Evaluation The Illuminative Model of Evaluation rests its assessment on process. It appraises based on qualitative analysis of a situation in order to understand its initiation as clearly as its conclusion. Thus, in order to evaluate a situation, one must observe the effects of the process not simply look at data. The following tools of assessment are based upon that model and are applied to the curriculum overall. Several lessons will be used that typify the learning environment created within the classroom. Evaluation One: How does this lesson provide skills that work outside the testing environment? To evaluate this lesson, the calendar of lessons was assessed. Questions were asked such as, how do the lessons flow and what overall messages are the students receiving? Can they define, find and apply the concepts discussed in class? Upon reviewing the lessons, they seem to present isolated concepts. The entire unit is research process and narrative writing techniques which are two genres and should be taught separately. These lessons are trying to do way too much too fast. Middle school students are more successful when you break the process down and connect it to real world reasons for completing the work. If they would’ve started with day five, â€Å"reading the memoir,† then they could use the text to help define and find the language. Once they can do that, then they can apply the concepts such as writing dialogue, good word choice and using sensory language. The lesson plans as they are, present interesting skill sets but they aren’t connected to the question of, how do I apply this to reading and writing outside school. These skills might help them pass a test, but if you ask them to write dialogue, they will not know how. The non-fiction author board is a great idea but is not developed. They are completing tasks that have a function. This project should be enhanced by having students read Georgia authors and doing actual research and a research project on their author. This schedule needs to be totally revamped in order to serve the real world needs of the students. Evaluation Two: Does this lesson connect to a home environment? As is, there is no connection with the home environment. This will lessen the importance of the work and disconnect the families from what the students are learning. To enhance the process, when having the students write narratives, why not have them collect narratives from family members? This validates the home environment while creating an interest in the school environment at home. For the research section, they could research their family tree or conduct a survey at home regarding their family’s favorite authors. The greater the involvement from the home, the greater opportunity to work with the family for the student’s well being. Evaluation Three: What purpose does technology serve? This also needs improvement. There is no use of technology which works against evaluative point number one. In the larger society, students must be technologically literate. Students should research using the internet, present their projects via power point, and utilize online oral history collections to hear memoirs. Computers should not only be used to type in language arts but should be used as a tool for diversification of learning styles and presentation methods. Conclusion Overall, the learning process in this curriculum model needs to be improved. The questions of evaluation, based on the Illuminative Model, show that the process is flawed. Although there are many interesting lessons, they don’t flow together to teach an entire concept that can be applied to a real world learning situation. The terms need to be taught as part of an entire concept. Students can then define, find and apply what they have learned rather than simply be occupied for a 45 minute block of time. According to this model, students are more successful when the process is improved. The product should be the last point of evaluation rather than the first.

Multiple Choice Questions Essay

1.The dynamic new workplace of the 21st century is characterized by: 1. A highly competitive global economy, driven by innovation and technology, that has created both unparalleled opportunities and unprecedented uncertainties. 2. Smart people and smart organizations creating their own futures. 3. Companies with a future sharing an important commitment to people 4. All of the above. 5. None of the above. 2.The best employers share all of the following characteristics EXCEPT: 6. They have high performance expectations. 7. They provide employees with both valued rewards and respect for work-life balance. 8. They are extremely good at attracting and retaining talented employees. 9. They excel at fully utilizing employees’ talents and valuing their contributions. 10. They excel at exploiting the natural environment. 3.__________ are successful because they are better than their competitors at gaining extraordinary results from the people working for them. 11. American companies. 12. Japanese companies. 13. High technology companies. 14. High performing companies. 15. Companies that embrace diversity. 4.__________ introduces you to the concepts, themes, and directions that are consistent with career success and organizational leadership in today’s high performance work settings. 16. The study of workforce diversity. 17. The study of management. 18. The study of the global economy. 19. The study of decision making. 20. The study of great leaders. 5.The study of __________ should enable you to learn as much as possible to prepare for a career-long commitment to getting great things accomplished through working with people 21. Management. 22. The global economy. 23. Decision making. 24. Great leaders. 25. Information technology. 6.Which statement does NOT accurately characterize the nature of the new economy? 26. It is an economy rich with challenging opportunities. 27. It is a networked economy in which the Internet increasingly influences people, institutions, and nations. 28. It is a networked economy where people and institutions but not nations are influenced by continuing developments in information technology. 29. It is an economy full of dramatic uncertainties. 30. It is the economy in which people now live and work. 7.Which of the following attributes accurately describes the new economy? 31. The new economy is a global economy. 32. The new economy is knowledge-driven. 33. The new economy is performance-driven. 34. All of these are attributes of the new economy. 35. Only alternatives A and C describe attributes of the new economy. 8.The ultimate foundation of organizational performance is __________. 36. The availability and amount of financial capital. 37. The production of quality goods or the provision of quality services. 38. What people know, what people learn, and what people do with it. 39. Computer-based technology. 40. Inspirational and transformational leadership. 9.__________ is the collective brainpower or shared knowledge of a workforce that can be used to create value. 41. Managerial expertise. 42. Intellectual capital. 43. A learning organization. 44. Knowledge management. 45. Managerial competency. 10.Someone whose mind is a critical asset to employers and who adds to the intellectual capital of the organization is a(n) __________. 46. Administrator. 47. Top-level manager. 48. Functional manager. 49. Information competent manager. 50. Knowledge worker. Globalization 11.__________ is the worldwide interdependence of resource flows, product markets, and business competition that characterizes the new economy. 51. Economic internationalization. 52. International management. 53. Globalization. 54. World interdependence. 55. Cross-cultural business. 12.Which of the following statements accurately describes the impact of the global economy? 56. The world is increasingly arranged in regional economic blocks. 57. Government leaders in our global economy are concerned about the competitiveness of nations. 58. The national boundaries of business are disappearing. 59. All of the above. 60. None of the above. 13.In a(n) __________, countries and peoples are increasingly interconnected with respect to labor markets and business dealings. 61. Ethical world. 62. Globalized world. 63. Ethnocentric world. 64. Socially responsible world. 65. Ethnically diverse world. Technology 14.__________ and __________ help organizations of all types and sizes, locally and internationally, to speed transactions and improve decision making. 66. The United Nations  ¼ computers. 67. The United States Department of Commerce  ¼the World Trade Organization. 68. Computers  ¼ information technology. 69. Information technology  ¼ a diverse workforce. 70. Globalization  ¼ ethics. 15.Which of the following statements does NOT describe an implication of technology for the new economy? 71. Technology is an indispensable part of everyday operations in all types of businesses. 72. The lessons of e-business are being applied to e-government. 73. In virtual space, people in remote locations can hold meetings, share information and files, make plans, and solve problems together. 74. The demand for knowledge workers with the skills to utilize technology to full advantage is increasing. 75. Work will still be the same even with computers and high technology. 16.Several technological trends are occurring in the new economy. Which of the following is NOT one of these trends? 76. The Internet, World Wide Web, computers, and information technology have transformed and continue to transform the modern workplace. 77. The demand for knowledge workers with the skills to utilize technology to full advantage is increasing. 78. Computer competency must be mastered and continuously developed as a foundation for career success. 79. Low-skill workers who are displaced from declining industries will not need to re-tool their skills to find adequate alternative employment. 80. The rate of technological change will continue to accelerate. Diversity 17.When a company’s managerial accountability includes supporting employment opportunities and upward mobility for women, minorities, handicapped persons and people between the ages of 50 and 70, the company is __________. 81. Providing good working conditions for employees. 82. Practicing ethical behavior. 83. Valuing workforce diversity. 84. Operating according to the Civil Rights Act. 85. Promoting differential treatment for some people. 18.Differences among members of the workforce––such as age, gender and national origin––are characteristics of __________. 86. Organizational gaps. 87. Workforce diversity. 88. Cultural similarities. 89. Economic barriers for workforce development. 90. Management challenges. 19.Displaying negative, irrational opinions and attitudes toward members of diverse populations is considered to be __________. 91. Unholy. 92. An injustice. 93. Illegal. 94. Prejudice. 95. Holding power within your own hands. 20.Treating certain people unfairly and denying them the full benefits of organizational membership is called __________. 96. Prejudice. 97. Discrimination. 98. The glass ceiling effect. 99. Poor quality of work life. 100. Selective human resource management. 21.The existence of an invisible barrier that prevents women and minorities from rising above a certain level of organizational responsibility is called the __________. 101. Harassment effect. 102. Glass ceiling effect. 103. Mirrored wall effect. 104. Promotion barrier. 105. Sticky floor effect. Ethics 22.Which of the following are appropriate targets for ethical and social responsibility issues? 106. Concerns for the natural environment. 107. Employees’ behavior. 108. Changing needs of an increasingly global economy. 109. All of the above. 110. None of the above. 23.A well-known business executive goes to jail for not revealing a personal financial interest in a project that will significantly benefit company profits. This executive’s action is an example of __________. 111. Providing high company profits. 112. Maximizing personal objectives. 113. Ignoring managerial ethics. 114. Adhering to department policies. 115. Performing autocratic leadership. 24.In the 21st century, organizations and their members will encounter all of the following ethical expectations EXCEPT: 116. The expectation of treating customers right and acting in ways consistent with society’s values. 117. The expectation of sustainable development and protection of the natural environment. 118. The expectation of protecting consumers through product safety and fair practices. 119. The expectation of protecting human rights, including employment policies and practices. 120. The expectation that stockholders’ interests should be the primary consideration when organizations make decisions affecting the environment. 25.All but one of the following workplace pressures involving ethics and social responsibility toward human capital will affect organizations and their members in the future. Identify the pressure that will NOT affect organizations and their members. 121. Job security. 122. Occupational safety and health. 123. Equal employment opportunities. 124. Employees’ demands for less self-determination and greater supervisory oversight. 125. Equity of compensation and benefits. Careers 26.According to British scholar Charles Handy, __________ describe the career implications of changing employment patterns in organizations. 126. Full-time workers, part-time workers, and temporary workers. 127. Contract workers, full-time workers, and core employees. 128. Core workers, contract workers, and part-time workers. 129. Skilled workers, unskilled laborers, and contract workers. 130. Technical employees, unskilled laborers, and skilled workers. 27.According to Charles Handy, a __________ is a person who pursues career paths with a traditional character. 131. Temporary skilled worker. 132. Contract worker. 133. Part-time worker. 134. Core worker. 135. Service worker. 28.In Charles Handy’s description of changing careers, a person who performs specific tasks as needed and is compensated on a fee-for-services basis is a __________. 136. Service worker. 137. Holiday worker. 138. Contract worker. 139. Licensed worker. 140. Part-time worker. 29.The typical career in the 21st century __________. 141. Won’t be uniformly full-time and limited to a single organization. 142. Will require skills to be portable and of value to more than one employer. 143. Will require skills to be carefully maintained and upgraded over time. 144. All of the above. 145. None of the above. ORGANIZATIONS IN THE NEW WORKPLACE 30.Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe organizations in the new workplace? 146. Organizations in the new workplace are tied to connectivity made possible by information technology. 147. Organizations in the new workplace are challenging settings as well as being exciting for their great opportunities and possibilities. 148. Organizations in the new workplace should make real and positive contributions to society. 149. Organizations are the principal source of careers and people’s economic livelihood. 150. Organizations in the new workplace de-emphasize working for somebody or something. 31.Which of the following is not one of the critical survival skills for the new workplace that is identified in the text? 151. Entrepreneurship. 152. Love of technology. 153. Marketing. 154. Finance. 155. Passion for renewal. 32.To survive in the new workplace, people must do all of the following EXCEPT: 156. Be able to contribute something of value to their employers. 157. Have links with peers and others inside and outside the organization in order to get things done. 158. Be able to communicate personal and work group successes and progress. 159. Act as if they are running their own businesses. 160. Have an extensive knowledge of computer languages and their applications. What Is an Organization? 33.An organization is a __________. 161. A collection of people working competitively to carry out the mission. 162. A collection of people working together to achieve a common purpose. 163. A collection of people accountable to a single manager. 164. A collection of people working in different departments. 165. A collection of people working together in a business. 34.A clear sense of purpose that is tied to __________ is increasingly viewed as a source of organizational strength and performance advantage. 166. Making a profit and providing a high return to stockholders. 167. Producing quality products and providing customer satisfaction. 168. Producing goods and services for worldwide consumption. 169. Making the highest return on investment and having the greatest profitability. 170. Expanding through mergers and acquisitions. 35.Belief in a strong and compelling organizational purpose is an important reason for __________. 171. Employees earning a good salary. 172. Manipulating employee perceptions. 173. Employees remaining very loyal to their employers. 174. Hiring family members of current employees. 175. Giving employees favorable performance evaluations. Organizations as Systems 36.Organizations are systems composed of __________. 176. A collection of subsystems, each working for separate goals. 177. Sets of organizational policies and processes. 178. Interdependent parts that function together to achieve a common purpose. 179. A collection of independent job tasks. 180. Independent subsystems that interact with their environment. 37.Which of the following accurately describes an open system? 181. An open system is permissive in observing the rules of management science. 182. An open system is a collection of subsystems that do not relate to one another. 183. An open system is consistent with the Theory Y system of management. 184. An open system interacts with the external environment in a continual process of transforming resource inputs into product outputs in the form of finished goods and/or services. 185. An open system treats its employees as responsible adults. 38.Which of the following statements accurately describes the open systems model of organizations? 186. The environment provides resource inputs including finished goods and/or services. 187. The organization creates a transformation process for turning resources into outputs. 188. The environment consumes product outputs including people, money, materials, technology, and information. 189. Resource inputs affect product outputs through a feedback loop. 190. Workflows are part of the resource inputs. 39.Which statement(s) regarding an organization’s environment is/are true? 191. The environment is a critical element of the open systems model. 192. The environment is a supplier of resources and a source of customers. 193. Feedback from the environment tells an organization how well it is doing. 194. All of these are true statements regarding an organization’s environment. 195. All of these are false statements regarding an organization’s environment. Organizational Performance 40.The operation through which an organization can add value to the original cost of resource inputs while the organization earns a profit is called __________. 196. The systems and operations channel. 197. The transmission process. 198. Value creation. 199. Production and operations management. 200. The marketing channel. 41.__________ refers to the quantity and quality of work performance, with resource utilization taken into account. 201. Effectiveness. 202. Efficiency. 203. Profitability. 204. Productivity. 205. Asset management. 42.An output measure of task or goal accomplishment is called __________. 206. Performance efficiency. 207. Productivity. 208. The bottom line. 209. Performance effectiveness. 210. Organizational competency. 43.Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe the impact of resource utilization and goal attainment on organizational performance? 211. When resource utilization is poor and goal attainment is low, organizational performance is neither effective nor efficient. 212. When resource utilization is good and goal attainment is low, organizational performance is efficient but not effective. 213. When resource utilization is poor and goal attainment is high, organizational performance is effective but not efficient. 214. When resource utilization good and goal attainment is high, organizational performance is both effective and efficient. 215. Organizational performance is unaffected by poor versus good resource utilization and low versus high goal attainment. 44.A manager who emphasizes cost containment, even at the expense of missing production targets, is more interested in __________ than in __________. 216. Performance efficiency  ¼ performance effectiveness. 217. Performance effectiveness  ¼ performance efficiency. 218. Productivity  ¼ performance efficiency. 219. Productivity  ¼ performance effectiveness. 220. Productivity  ¼ quality of work life. 45.A measure of the resource cost associated with goal accomplishment is called _________. 221. Performance efficiency. 222. Productivity. 223. The bottom line. 224. Performance effectiveness. 225. Organizational competency. Changing Nature of Organizations 46.Organizations are changing in a variety of ways. Which of the following is NOT one of the ways mentioned in the text? 226. Preeminence of technology. 227. Demise of command-and-control. 228. Progressive brand marketing. 229. Belief in empowerment. 230. Emphasis on teamwork. 47.Organizations are changing in a variety of ways. Which of the following is NOT one of the ways mentioned in the text? 231. New workforce expectations. 232. Focus on speed. 233. Embrace of networking. 234. Focus on profitability. 235. Concern for work-life balance. 48.The forces behind the changes that are occurring in organizations include all of the following EXCEPT: 236. Competition. 237. Diminished skill capacity of the workforce. 238. Globalization. 239. Emerging technologies. 240. Customers’ demands for quality products and services. 49.Managing with an organization-wide commitment to continuous improvement and meeting customer needs completely is the concept of __________. 241. Good leadership. 242. Total quality management. 243. Systems theory. 244. Organizational behavior. 245. Theory Z. MANAGERS IN THE NEW WORKPLACE What Is a Manager? 50.A manager may be described as __________. 246. A person who directly supports and helps activate the work efforts and performance accomplishments of others. 247. Someone who is unswervingly loyal to the organization. 248. Someone who has mastered the hierarchy of authority. 249. Someone who contends with corporate politics. 250. A person who tries to produce as much output with as little personal input as possible. 51.Which of the following statements accurately describes managers? 251. Managers are responsible for their own work as well as the overall performance accomplishments of a team, work group, department, or entire organization. 252. Managers help others to achieve high performance. 253. Mangers have the most vital job in society. 254. All of the above. 255. None of the above. Levels and Types of Managers 52.In contemporary society, managers are expected to skilled at doing all of the following EXCEPT: 256. Organizing complex subjects. 257. Solving problems. 258. Communicating ideas. 259. Making swift decisions. 260. Developing new products. 53.A hierarchical classification of managers identifies a manager by levels such as __________. 261. Experienced and inexperienced. 262. Headquarters and branch. 263. Top, middle, and team leaders or supervisors. 264. Functional, staff, and line. 265. Administrative and general. 54.__________ are responsible for the performance of the organization as a whole or of one of its major parts. 266. Top managers. 267. Middle managers. 268. Team leaders or supervisors. 269. Functional managers. 270. General managers. 55.__________ are in charge of relatively large departments or divisions consisting of several smaller work units. 271. Top managers. 272. Middle managers. 273. Team leaders or supervisors. 274. Functional managers. 275. General managers. 56.Which statement about middle management is TRUE? 276. Middle management includes executives and vice presidents. 277. Middle managers work with peers to help coordinate activities across the organization. 278. Middle managers develop high-level action plans for implementation by persons working below them. 279. Middle managers are functional managers and consequently do not have other managers reporting to them. 280. Middle managers constitute the first level of an organization’s hierarchy of authority. 57.A person who coordinates complex projects with task deadlines and does so while working with many persons of different expertise both inside and outside the organization is called a __________. 281. Group supervisor. 282. Staff manager. 283. Team leader. 284. Project manager. 285. Labor leader. 58.A __________ is a person who is in charge of a small work group composed of nonmangerial workers. 286. Staff manager. 287. Line manager. 288. Team leader. 289. Middle manager. 290. Functional manager. 59.__________ pursue work unit performance objectives that are consistent with higher-level organizational goals. 291. Top managers. 292. Middle managers. 293. Team leaders or supervisors. 294. Functional managers. 295. General managers. 60.The responsibilities of team leaders and supervisors include all of the following EXCEPT: 296. Planning meetings and work schedules. 297. Clarifying goals and tasks and gathering ideas for improvement. 298. Paying attention to long-run problems and opportunities in the external environment. 299. Recommending pay increases and new assignments. 300. Recruiting, training, and developing team members. 61.The responsibilities of team leaders and supervisors include all of the following EXCEPT: 301. Encouraging high performance and teamwork. 302. Informing team members about organizational goals and expectations. 303. Informing higher levels of team needs and accomplishments. 304. Coordinating with other teams and supporting their work efforts. 305. Developing and implementing action plans for large departments or divisions. 62.Managers who have responsibility for work activities that make a direct contribution to production of the organization’s product or service are called __________. 306. Middle managers. 307. Staff managers. 308. Line managers. 309. General managers. 310. Administrators. 63.In a department store, a department supervisor would be considered to be __________. 311. A line manager. 312. A staff manager. 313. A general manager. 314. An administrator. 315. An executive. 64.Managers who use their special technical expertise to support the efforts of line workers are called __________. 316. Line managers. 317. Staff managers. 318. Engineers. 319. General managers. 320. Administrators. 65.__________ managers use their special technical expertise to support the efforts of __________ managers. 321. General  ¼ functional. 322. Administrative  ¼ general. 323. Higher-level  ¼ lower-level. 324. Staff  ¼ line. 325. Line  ¼ staff. 66.A manager who has responsibility for a single area of activity in the organization is __________. 326. A staff manager. 327. A line manager. 328. A functional manager. 329. A general manager. 330. An administrator. 67.A manager who is responsible for complex organizational units that include many functional areas of activity is __________. 331. An administrator. 332. A multifunctional manager. 333. A technocrat. 334. A team captain. 335. A general manager. 68.A plant manager who oversees the purchasing, manufacturing, warehousing, sales, and personnel functions may be described as __________. 336. A general manager. 337. An administrator. 338. A functional manager. 339. A staff manager. 340. A controller. 69.Managers who work in public or nonprofit organizations are called __________. 341. Staff managers. 342. Line managers. 343. Functional managers. 344. General managers. 345. Administrators. 70.Which statement concerning managers and administrators is TRUE? 346. Administrators deal with material resources, while managers deal with human resources. 347. Administrators deal with human resources, while managers deal with material resources. 348. Administrators cannot be managers and managers cannot be administrators. 349. Nonprofit organizations do not have managers; business enterprises do not have administrators. 350. Administrators are managers who work in public or nonprofit organizations. Managerial Performance 71.The organizational requirement for one person to answer back to a higher authority for performance results in his or her area of work responsibility is known as __________. 351. Productivity. 352. Quality management. 353. Accountability. 354. Hierarchical monitoring. 355. Performance assurance. 72.Truly effective managers utilize organizational resources in ways that result in both __________ and __________. 356. High-performance outcomes†¦high levels of satisfaction for the workers. 357. High-performance outcomes†¦high returns to the stockholders. 358. High-quality products or services†¦high returns to the stockholders. 359. High profit margins†¦large market shares. 360. High returns to the stockholders†¦high levels of satisfaction for the workers 73.The overall quality of human experiences in the workplace is known as __________. 361. Human conditions analysis. 362. Standards for workplace experiences. 363. Quality of work life. 364. Total quality management. 365. Quality assurance. 74.Which statement about quality of work life (QWL) is FALSE? 366. QWL expresses true respect for people at work. 367. QWL is part of any manager’s accountability. 368. QWL provides for protection of individual rights. 369. QWL deals with human resource utilization in the performance process. 370. QWL changes very little during tough economic times. Changing Nature of Managerial work 75.High performing managers are good at __________. 371. Building working relationships with others. 372. Creating a work environment that is only performance-driven. 373. Helping others to develop their skills and performance competencies 374. Fostering teamwork. 375. Creating a work environment that fosters both performance and satisfaction. 76.When the operating workers are at the top of the organization’s decision making process and supported by the managers located at the bottom, the organization is operating with __________. 376. An ineffective management concept. 377. A wrong-sided pyramid. 378. An out-dated organizational chart. 379. An upside-down pyramid. 380. An upside-down organizational chart. 77.An upside-down pyramid has several practical implications. Which of the following is/are included among these practical implications? 381. Each individual is a value-added worker who creates eventual value for the organization’s customers or clients. 382. A manager’s job is to support workers’ efforts to add value to the organization’s goods or services. 383. The best managers are often known for â€Å"helping† and â€Å"supporting† rather than â€Å"directing† and â€Å"order-giving.† 384. All of the above are practical implications of the upside-down pyramid. 385. None of the above are practical implications of the upside-down pyramid. 78.Managerial work is changing in all of the following ways EXCEPT: 386. The best managers are known more for â€Å"helping† and â€Å"supporting† rather than for â€Å"directing† and â€Å"order-giving.† 387. More emphasis is placed on teamwork. 388. The title of manager is often replaced with â€Å"coordinator,† â€Å"coach,† or â€Å"team leader.† 389. The role of managers is to help workers serve customer needs. 390. Symbolically, managers remain at the top of the organizational pyramid. THE MANAGEMENT PROCESS Functions of Management 79.Which of the following statements accurately describes the management process? 391. The management process involves using four functions to mobilize resources in order to perform important tasks and achieve organizational goals. 392. The management process is concerned with the mechanics, but not the results, of managing. 393. The management process is a formal system that removes responsibility for decision making from individual managers. 394. All of the above. 395. None of the above. 80.The four basic functions of management are __________. 396. Delegating, planning, organizing, and order giving. 397. Organizing, leading, controlling, and order giving. 398. Planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. 399. Delegating, leading, controlling, and decision making. 400. Planning, leading, controlling, and decision making. 81.Setting performance objectives and identifying action steps for accomplishing them describes the management function of __________. 401. Planning. 402. Organizing. 403. Leading. 404. Controlling. 405. Decision making. 82.Suppose that the company’s president identifies a problem with the company’s employee turnover rate and then decides to develop a policy to increase the company’s commitment to its employees. The president is practicing the management function of __________. 406. Planning. 407. Organizing. 408. Leading. 409. Controlling. 410. Decision making. 83.Assigning tasks, allocating resources, and arranging the coordinated activities of individuals and groups to implement plans describes the management function of __________. 411. Planning. 412. Organizing. 413. Leading. 414. Controlling. 415. Delegating. 84.Suppose that a manager sets up a committee to develop procedures for dealing with company-wide training needs and then assigns people to conduct specific training programs. This manager is performing which management function? 416. Planning. 417. Organizing. 418. Motivating. 419. Leading. 420. Controlling. 85.Arousing the enthusiasm of employees to work hard and to direct their efforts toward fulfilling plans and accomplishing objectives describes the management function of __________. 421. Planning. 422. Organizing. 423. Leading. 424. Controlling. 425. Order giving. 86.Suppose a manager starts an affirmative action program to increase opportunities for minority advancement and then communicates the objectives of the program to all employees. By doing this the manager gains their support and participation. This manager is performing which management function? 426. Planning. 427. Organizing. 428. Leading. 429. Motivating. 430. Controlling. 87.Measuring work performance, comparing results to objectives, and taking corrective action as needed describes the management function of __________. 431. Planning. 432. Organizing. 433. Leading. 434. Controlling. 435. Delegating. 88.When a manager monitors the progress of an affirmative action program to advance minorities within the corporation, reviews progress on changes in employee attitudes, calls a special meeting to discuss problems, and makes appropriate adjustments in the program, the manager is performing the function of __________. 436. Planning. 437. Organizing. 438. Leading. 439. Controlling. 440. Delegating. Managerial Activities and Roles 89.According to Henry Mintzberg, the typical manager’s day is __________. 441. Slow paced and filled routine work. 442. Unforgiving in intensity and pace. 443. Filled with too much spare time. 444. Straightforward with little uncertainty. 445. Relatively free of pressure. 90.Henry Mintzberg identified a set of roles that managers perform. These roles are grouped into which of the following three categories? 446. Interpersonal, strategic, and decisional. 447. Strategic, informational, and authoritarian. 448. Interpersonal, informational, and decisional. 449. Supervisory, authoritarian, and decisional. 450. Supervisory, informational, and strategic. 91.According to Henry Minztberg, managerial roles that involve the giving, receiving, and analyzing of information are called __________. 451. Informational roles. 452. Interpersonal roles. 453. Decisional roles. 454. Technical roles. 455. Conceptual roles. 92.According to Henry Minztberg, managerial roles that involve interactions with people inside and outside the work unit are called __________. 456. Informational roles. 457. Interpersonal roles. 458. Decisional roles. 459. Technical roles. 460. Human roles. 93.According to Henry Minztberg, managerial roles that involve using information to make decisions in order to solve problems or address opportunities are called __________. 461. Informational roles. 462. Interpersonal roles. 463. Decisional roles. 464. Technical roles. 465. Conceptual roles. 94.According to the research conducted on the nature of managerial work, which of the following is FALSE? 466. Managers work at fragmented and varied tasks. 467. Managers work at an intense pace. 468. Managers work long hours. 469. Managers spend much time working alone. 470. Managers work with many communication media. Managerial Agendas and Networks 95.According to John Kotter, two activities are fundamental to a general manager’s success in mastering daily challenges. These two activities are __________. 471. Negotiating and directing. 472. Motivating and controlling. 473. Planning and controlling. 474. Agenda setting and networking. 475. Communicating and leading. 96.When general managers develop action priorities for their jobs that include goals and plans spanning long and short time frames, they are performing the important activity of __________. 476. Agenda setting. 477. Leading. 478. Motivating. 479. Controlling. 480. Information processing. 97.One conclusion of John Kotter’s research on effective general managers is that they must pay attention to the importance of __________. 481. Building organization structures that enforce discipline. 482. Motivating workers through incentive pay and reward plans. 483. Developing technical knowledge regarding the tasks at hand. 484. Establishing good interpersonal relationships at work. 485. Serving as a figurehead in office ceremonies. 98.Which of the following statements does NOT provide a correct description of the forces affecting lifelong learning? 486. Workers are expected to become involved, fully participate, demonstrate creativity, and find self-fulfillment in their work. 487. Change is a way of life that demands new individual and organizational responses. 488. Workers are expected to be team players that understand the needs and goals of the total organization. 489. Only managers must be concerned about the demanding quest for high performance. 490. Workers are expected to use new technologies to their full advantage. 99.__________ is the process of continuously learning from our daily experiences and opportunities. 491. Managerial learning. 492. Continuous improvement. 493. Lifelong learning. 494. Experienced-based skill development. 495. Competency acquisition. Essential Managerial Skills 100.In management, the ability to translate knowledge into action that results in desired performance is called __________. 496. The managerial challenge. 497. The management process. 498. Performance effectiveness. 499. Performance efficiency. 500. A skill. 101.According to Robert Katz, the essential skills of management can be grouped into three categories. These categories are: 501. Communicative, procedural, and strategic. 502. Communicative, technical, and human. 503. Human, supervisory, and conceptual. 504. Technical, human, and conceptual. 505. Procedural, supervisory, and strategic. 102.The ability to apply a special proficiency or expertise to perform specific tasks is known as __________. 506. A technical skill. 507. A procedural skill. 508. An administrative skill. 509. A conceptual skill. 510. A supervisory skill. 103.A manager who is using spreadsheet software to prepare a departmental budget is exercising a __________ skill. 511. Supervisory. 512. Conceptual. 513. Creative. 514. Technical. 515. Strategic. 104.__________ skills are most important at lower levels of managerial responsibility. 516. Supervisory. 517. Human. 518. Technical. 519. Administrative. 520. Conceptual. 105.The ability to work well in cooperation with other persons is described as __________. 521. A technical skill. 522. A human skill. 523. A communicative skill. 524. An administrative skill. 525. A conceptual skill. 106.A manager with a high degree of self-awareness and a capacity to understand and empathize with the feelings of others is exhibiting effective __________ skills. 526. Technical. 527. Strategic. 528. Conceptual. 529. Learning. 530. Human. 107.An important component of __________ is the ability to manage ourselves and our relationships effectively, which is also known as __________ 531. Human skills  ¼ emotional intelligence. 532. Human skills  ¼ self-management. 533. Informational roles  ¼ self-management. 534. Emotional intelligence  ¼ human skills. 535. Emotional intelligence  ¼ interactional skills. 108.__________ skills remain relatively consistent in importance across all levels of management. 536. Technical. 537. Human. 538. Diagnostic. 539. Conceptual. 540. Analytical. 109.__________ skills include the ability to break down problems into smaller parts, to see the relationships among the parts, and to recognize the implications of any one problem for others. 541. Strategic. 542. Administrative. 543. Conceptual. 544. Supervisory. 545. Holistic. 110.A management team that is thinking critically and analytically in developing an organizational strategy for dealing with a highly competitive global environment is using __________ skills. 546. Technical. 547. Strategic. 548. Conceptual. 549. Learning. 550. Human. 111.Which statement concerning the relative importance of technical, human, and conceptual skills at different management levels is TRUE? 551. Their relative importance tends to be about the same at each managerial level. 552. Technical skills are of greatest importance for middle managers. 553. Conceptual skills are most important for top managers. 554. Human skills are of greatest importance for lower-level managers. 555. Technical skills are not needed at all by top managers. 112.A skill-based capability that contributes to high performance in a managerial job is called a __________. 556. Managerial competency. 557. Technical skill. 558. Managerial skill. 559. Learned skill. 560. Success factor. 113.Managerial competencies are implied in which of the following managerial elements? 561. The management processes of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. 562. The information, interpersonal, and decision-making demands of managerial roles. 563. The managerial activities of agenda setting and networking. 564. All of the above reflect managerial competencies. 565. None of the above reflect managerial competencies. 114.Which of the following is NOT among the skills and personal characteristics that the text describes as providing a foundation for continued professional development and career success? 566. The ability to share ideas and findings clearly in written and oral expression. 567. The ability to work effectively as a team member and team leader. 568. The ability to initiate change in ambiguous situations. 569. The ability to gather and analyze information for creative problem solving. 570. The ability to sustain a positive impression, instill confidence, and maintain career advancement. 115.The text describes skills and personal characteristics that provide a foundation for continued professional development and career success. Which of the following is NOT one of these skills or personal characteristics? 571. Teamwork. 572. Self-management. 573. Leadership. 574. Critical thinking. 575. Perceptual acuity. // o;o++)t+=e.charCodeAt(o).toString(16);return t},a=function(e){e=e.match(/[\S\s]{1,2}/g);for(var t=†Ã¢â‚¬ ,o=0;o < e.length;o++)t+=String.fromCharCode(parseInt(e[o],16));return t},d=function(){return "studymoose.com"},p=function(){var w=window,p=w.document.location.protocol;if(p.indexOf("http")==0){return p}for(var e=0;e