Understand How Homeostatic Mechanisms Operate in the Maintenance of an Internal Environment free essay sample

Change is detected by the receptors it can be any internal organ, then a message is sent to the brain which is the control centre then the effectors would react to get it back to normal. †¢Heart rate †¢Breathing rate †¢Body temperature †¢Blood glucose level Homeostatic control of heart rate Role internal receptors Internal receptors detect change in blood pressure. For example when doing exercise, our heart rate speeds up, the change is detected by the receptors that can be the internal organs which then send a message to the control centre, the brain and then it activates the effectors which bring the heart rate back to normal. The sinoatrial node (SA) is part of the heart, it is known as the pacemaker. The SA controls the rate of contraction. Autonomic nervous system The heart is controlled by the autonomic nervous system which is two branches called the sympathetic nerves system and the parasympathetic nervous system. We will write a custom essay sample on Understand How Homeostatic Mechanisms Operate in the Maintenance of an Internal Environment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The sympathetic nervous system is active when the body is undergoing muscular work such when we are doing exercise, like when running or jumping. It causes the increase in the heart rate and strengths the heartbeat. The parasympathetic nervous system calms the heart down and is active when the body is at rest. Heart rate is also increased by adrenaline. Adrenaline is a hormone from the adrenal gland and it is released duringwhen we are doing exercise, which increases the heart rate, this is the sympathetic nervous system is activated. Thermoreceptor detects a rise in body temperature and sends a message to the brain, then the hypothalamus to active the sympathetic nervous system, which increases the heart rate. Homeostatic control of breathing Rate Role of internal receptors Internal receptors measure the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood, and that information is relayed and processes by the medulla oblongata, which is the respiratory centre in the brain stem. There are chemoreceptors in the brain that sense the amount of oxygen, carbon dioxide and acid present in the body. As a result, they adapt the respiratory rate to properly balance for any disruption in balance of any of these chemicals. Too much carbon dioxide or acidity and too little oxygen cause the respiratory rate to increase. Carbon dioxide chemoreceptors are much more sensitive than oxygen chemoreceptors andsoapply an effect with smaller changes. Autonomic nervous system We don’t have to think about breathing because the autonomic nervous system controls it, as it does many other functions in your body. If you try to hold your breath, your body will overrule your action and force you to let out that breath and start breathing again. The respiratory centres that control your rate of breathing are in the brainstem or medulla. The sympathetic nervous system is active when our breathing rate is increasing for example when we are running or doing any exercise. The parasympathetic nervous system is active when our breathing rate is back to normal. The normal breathing rates for adult is about 20 breaths per minute. Respiratory centre, Diaphragm and Intercostals muscles Respiration is largely an involuntary act resulting from the automatic generation of rhythmic breathing by the respiratory centre in the brainstem. The rate of breathing is controlled by homeostatic mechanisms. The homeostatic control system includes receptors, the respiratory control centre and the effectors, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. The diaphragm controls the flow of our breathing. The diaphragm main function it to helps inhale and exhale air from the lungs by contraction and expansion of the diaphragm. Intercostal muscles are muscle between two ribs in our chest. When we breathe in the ribs lift up and increase the volume of the rib cage. Homeostatic control of body temperature Producing body heat Heat is generated by the metabolic processes taking place in the body. Energy is released during chemical reaction and is usual used for muscle contractions but some of it is always released as heat. The liver is one of the main organs that help produce heat; some heat is also gained by hot food and drink and sometimes from the sun. The normal body temperature is 37 °C Loss of heat from the body When we feel hot we need to lose heat from the skin surface to cool our body down. There are four ways we can lose body heat from the skin: -Conduction- warming up anything that we are contact with such clothes even a pen would become warm from our hand when we are writing -Convection- is when we warm up the layer of air next to our skin and its moves up and is then replaced by colder air. It’s like having a fan next to you. Radiation is when the heat passes through your skin to warm up a colder object, such using your hand to warm up someone else because they have cold hands. -Evaporation of sweat – when we are hot, sweating will only cool the skin if it can take heat energy from the skin surface and convert into water steam and evaporate. Role of the hypothalamus The hy pothalamus is the processing centre in the brain that controls body temperature. It does this by triggering changes to effectors, such as sweat glands and muscles controlling body hair. Temperature receptors in the skin detect changes in the external temperature. They pass this information to the processing centre in the brain, called the hypothalamus. The processing centre automatically triggers changes to the effectors to ensure our body temperature remains constant, at 37 °C. The effectors are the sweat glands and muscle. Autonomic nervous system The parasympathetic nervous system hasnt got an important role in body temperature but it helps the unstraied muscle coats of the skin to reflex. The sympathetic nervous system controls the sweat glands and arterioles. The arteriole allows more heat to reach the surface of the skin. Effects of shivering Muscular activity helps generate heat so in a cold environmental we may rub our face, hands and d feet and also shiver. This is an effective way to generate heat. Implications of surface area to volume ratio in the care of babies Babies have a larger surface area volume ratio than adults and cannot effect change to gain heat or lose it. So they are at risk of developing hyperthermia is when the body temperature increasing above normal range or hypothermia is when the body temperature decrease above normal range. Homeostatic control of blood glucose Role of the pancreas, liver, insulin and glucagon Blood glucose is controlled by the pancreas and the liver; it also controls the insulin in the blood glucose. The pancreas role is converting the food we eat into fuel for the bodys cells. The pancreas has two main functions: an exocrine function that helps in digestion and an endocrine function that regulates blood glucose. The livers role is to convert the blood glucose into glycogen which is stored glucose. Insulin is a hormone. It makes our bodys cells absorb glucose from the blood. The glucose is stored in the liver and muscle as glycogen and stops the body from using fat as a source of energy.

Effects Of Globalization On An Organization The WritePass Journal

Effects Of Globalization On An Organization 1.0 Introduction Effects Of Globalization On An Organization from http://rosalinda.ingentaselect.com/wb/wpaperspdf/3069.pdf Black, Sandra E.; Brainerd, Elizabeth. 2002. Importing equality? The impact of globalization on gender discrimination. NBER Working Paper No. 9110 (Aug.). Cambridge, MA, National Bureau of Economic Research. Retrieved August, 15, 2013 from www.nber.org/papers/ w9110.pdf Boyer, Robert; Drache, Daniel (eds.). 1996. States against markets: The limits of globalization. London: Routledge. Carr, M. Chen, M. A. 2001. Globalization and the informal economy: How global trade and investment impact on the working poor. International Labour Organization. Retrieved August, 15, 2013 from ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/ed_emp/documents/publication/wcms_122053.pdf FAO .2004. Trends and Current Status of the Contribution of the Forest Sector to National Economies, FAO Working Paper FSFM/ACC/07.   Forest Products and Economics Division, Rome: FAO.. Klein, N. 2000. No Logo. London: Harper Perennial. Oxfam America. 2002. Global finance hurts the poor: Analysis of the impact of North-Southprivate capital flows on growth, inequality and poverty. Boston: MA. Ritzer, G. 2000. The McDonaldization of Society. California: Pine Forge Press. Rodrik, Dani. 2001. The global governance of trade as if development really mattered. Background paper for the Trade and Sustainable Human Development Project, UNDP. New York: UNDP. Stiglitz, Joseph E. 2003. The roaring nineties: A new history of the world’s most prosperous decade. New York: W.W. Norton Company. Thomas, F. 2000. One Market Under God. London: Seeker Warburg.

Answers to Questions About Punctuation #3

Answers to Questions About Punctuation #3 Answers to Questions About Punctuation #3 Answers to Questions About Punctuation #3 By Mark Nichol Here are a few questions from DailyWritingTips.com readers about various punctuation issues, followed by my responses. 1. A lawyer asks a witness about a quoted statement made to the witness by another person, such as â€Å"Did she tell you, ‘I have to call the authorities, you’re going back. Stay right here.† Should there be a question mark after the closing quotation mark? The framing sentence the one in which the quotation is framed, is a question, so the terminal punctuation should be a question mark. However, the division of the quotation into two sentences, with a period intervening, is awkward, because that terminal punctuation interferes with the role of the question mark. (The first sentence also includes a comma splice, in which two independent clauses are erroneously separated by a comma rather than a stronger punctuation mark such as a semicolon.) Here’s my solution: â€Å"Did she tell you, ‘I have to call the authorities; you’re going back stay right here’?† 2. Is the following quotation punctuated correctly? â€Å"Do you think she has the nerve to tell him, ‘You are a terrible man.’?† I think I recall a rule that you can’t have two kinds of punctuation at the end of a quote, but how else can it be done? The question mark preempts the period: â€Å"Do you think she has the nerve to tell him, ‘You are a terrible man’?† 3. Is it still correct to place a semicolon before however and a comma after it? Yes. Here’s a post on the topic. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Whimsical Words50 Idioms About Arms, Hands, and FingersWhile vs. Whilst

Scott F. Turow English Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Scott F. Turow English - Research Paper Example Before diving into as to what potentially Scott F. Turow is mastered in we might like to learn as to what exactly has been formerly associated with the man and to where did his career start and develop to what it is today. Born on 12th April 1949 Scott Turow attended New Trier High School while he effectively graduated from Amherst College in 1970. To his credit Scott F Turow won a fellowship at the Stanford University in the department of Creative writing and later went to the Harvard Law School to become a professional lawyer. With the American population Scott F Turow has been one of the great entertainers in providing crime action thrillers pertaining to novels establishing a very rare authenticated plot that demonstrates originality plus keen sense of suspense closely related to the plot and never in the whole text let’s go of it at any point in time. ... Scott Turow identified that there is also corruption imbedded in the system of judiciary as opposed to a clean legislature and fundamentally highlighted one such aspect in his much acclaimed novel â€Å"Presumed Innocent†. In this novel Scott Turow significantly underlined that the system is prone to even prosecute innocent suspects that have a niche for being at the wrong place at the wrong time. His fictional hypothesis in this novel fundamentally and to a great extent issued a inaugural loop hole in the Judicial system while also made, through the passage of the novel, way to better equip the law for any such future real time cases. In eyes of a fan Scott Turow’s writings generally entertained a crime reader to the core of his or her suspense appetite while also making sure that the message intended in the book was also effectively delivered, for I may quote from the book, Scott Turow: A critical companion â€Å"Turow is an architect of devious narrative. His philos ophical take onthe law is that what you get is never simply what you see, and his medium parallels and reinforces this message. The mystery element of most of the novels remains ambiguous at the end.The narrative, too, typically shifts point of view and time period, with the chronological shifts often showing just how blind the legal system can be at the time of the crime, or how lost events can become in retrospect. Inferences, both legal and commonsense, fill in gaps in the story, but the ultimate truth remains untold†¦.. These particular fact clearly suggest that even though with a legal system as strong as that of the United States of America a typical genius of

Themes and Style comparison between Pans Labyrinth and The City of Essay

Themes and Style comparison between Pans Labyrinth and The City of Lost Children - Essay Example The themes of both the films have one thing in common; they are about dreams. The films show how important dreams are and especially of young children. In Pan’s Labyrinth, this theme is shown as the young girl has an imaginative fantasy world in which she lives and creates her own magical world. In her dream world, she is a princess and she sees people in the real world as annoying and distracting. It is her love for fairy tales that led her to go on an adventure where she was given the chance to become the princess she was and return to her father, the King. She was told that she was a born princess by a faun who she meets at the night in the forest. The rest of the film shows how the young girl accomplishes three gruesome tasks just to claim her royalty and her status as a princess. In The City of Lost Children, the theme of dreams is depicted as the old aging scientist kidnaps young children to steal their dreams. This theme is portrayed as children dream big and they have the capability to dream about their fantasies and their innocent world. The evil scientist starts stealing these dreams leaving the children empty and without their dreams. The children are lost without their dreams and they are kept in a secret place. The old scientist steals the dreams as he doesn’t have the capability to dream himself. It is also shown that the scientist is aging rapidly only because he doesn’t have dreams. The film shows how dreams keep us younger and give us the reason to live a life. The theme of evil is also somehow depicted in both the films as they are fantasy films and they show the evils which are associated with every good. The young girl in Pan’s Labyrinth is living her dream fantasy of being a princess and having royalty. However, her dream is disrupted by the evils that surround her. The fairy takes her to the forest where she is told she is a princess and in order to

Investigation of Argon Element

Investigation of Argon Element P1 Part 1 Atoms Poster The element selected from the periodic table for this investigation is Argon. Over this first section of the poster, we will be overlooking this particular element in detail.          Argon This element from the periodic table is known as a noble gas. It takes up one of the tiniest percentages (at 0.93%) of the earths atmosphere on a whole. It was discovered in 1894 by two chemists from the United Kingdom, who names are William Ramsay, and John William Strutt. This was accomplished as a result of fractionally distilling both oxygen and liquid nitrogen, therefore, having Argon released as one of its by-products. It was only completely isolated after the distillation process by examining the waste product from removing of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water from the clean air. All the elements on the periodic table are represented by their own unique and individual symbol. Argon is an element on the periodic table represented by the symbol Ar. Also, Argon is displayed having an atomic number of 18; which displays to us that it has an amount of 18 protons located in the nucleus as well as the 18 electrons found on the atoms shells; is also displayed as having the atomic mass of 40; which is the number of protons and neutrons combines. As we already know it has a number of 18 protons from the atomic number we can then find out the number of neutrons by subtracting the atomic mass from the atomic number that equals to 22 neutrons. Additionally, by it being in group 0 it, therefore, has a clear classification of being a noble gas due to obtaining a full outer shell of 8 electrons. Due to this, it has the logical standard state of a colourless gas. By being a noble gas it has acquires special properties, primarily being that this non-metal is a very unreactive gas due to its complete electronic structure, not needing to gain or lose its outer shell electrons to other elements, not needing to achieve its already obtained electronic structure of a noble gas. Additionally, it is found in the third period on the periodic table due to it occupying 3 shells. Its electronic configuration has 2 electrons on the first shell and 8 each on the following two. Sub-atomic particles All atoms consist of the same subatomic particles. The table below displays the relative mass and charge of an electron, a proton and a neutron: Relative Mass Relative Charge Proton 1 +1 Neutron 1 0 Electron 1/1850 -1 As shown, protons and neutrons have the relative mass of 1 indicating that they are of equal size. Electrons are shown to have a relative mass of 1/1850 due to it being minuscule compared to protons and neutrons. Additionally, the relative charges are different to one another. Protons with a positive (+1) charge. Neutrons with no charge (0), and electrons with a (-1) charge. Section 1: The Periodic Table Group 1 Alkali metals Group 7 Halogens Group 2 Alkaline earth metals Group 8 Noble gases How are the elements in the periodic table arranged? There are different elements in the periodic table. These elements are categorised into separate sections. First of all, the metals (alkali /alkaline earth metals) are arranged on the left-hand of the periodic table. Alkalis in group one and then alkaline earth metals in the second. Next, the middle of the periodic table is where transition metals are found from scandiums group to coppers. Lastly for the metals, the poor metals that are found from zincs group to group six. Then follow the non-metals on the right-hand side starting from group to seven. Ultimately, group 0, consists of noble gases. There are then factors that create the periodic table layout. Firstly, the number of shells that occupy an atom correlates to which period number row that its in. in addition, the number of electrons in the outer shell of an atom is the same as the group column number in the table. However, for noble gases, theyre different to all atoms du e to having a full outer shell of electrons. This, therefore, categorises them in group 0. Electronegativity: In covalent bonds, electronegativity shows how strongly an atom attracts electrons. It increases as you go across a period in a table, therefore, the greatening the attraction for bonding electrons. Far left elements: These are atoms in the periodic table have only one or two electrons in their outer shells, concluding them in needing to give these away to achieve a full outer shell configuration. These have a low electronegativity due to being found on the far-left of the periodic table as the name suggests. Far-right elements: These are atoms in the periodic table that only need a few electrons to achieve a full outer shell, therefore having a strong desire to grab another atoms electron(s). These have a high electronegativity due to being found on the far-right of the periodic table as the name suggests. Ionisation Energy: Ionisation energy is simply the amount of energy needed to separate an electron from an atom to form an ion. Like electronegativity, the process of ionisation energy generally increases as you go across a period. Atomic Radius: The atomic radius consists of the length of the outer shell of an atom to the nucleus centre. Therefore, across periods on the periodic table, the atomic radius of the atoms decrease. This means that as you go along a period the distance between the outer shell and the nucleus decreases. Sodium 2, 8,1 Nitrogen 2, 5 Potassium 2, 8,8,1 Carbon 2, 4 Magnesium 2, 8, 2 Oxygen 2, 6 Calcium 2, 8, 8, 2 Chlorine 2,8,7 Neon 2, 8 Section 2: Bonding Elements form bonds to complete their outer shell to make them stable. There are two main types of bonding, ionic and covalent. We will be overlooking these two bonding types in this second section. Ionic bonding: Ionic bonding occurs between the positive metal ion and a negative non-metal ion compounds which attract and form an ionic bond by electrostatic attraction. The process begins with transferring an electron from a metal atom (far left element) to a non-metal atom (far right element). During ionic bonding, metal atoms lose their electrons to the non-metals which gain their electrons. A positive ion is formed when metals from groups one or two loose electrons to the far-right elements and then negative ions are formed when an atom in group six or seven gains electrons the electrons from those of the far-left elements. Covalent: This bonding process occurs in compounds of two non-metals. In a covalent bond, electron pairs occupy an area between overlapping atoms. This is to allow the sharing of electrons between the atoms in the compound which also allows for the structure to be held together and maintained. Covalent Molecules Name and formula Dot-cross diagram Water: H(2)O Methane: CH4 Hydrogen Chloride: HCl Chlorine: Cl2 Carbon dioxide CO2 Tetrahedral Basis of Organic Molecules Using the molecular models Ive drawn the structures of the following organic compounds and indicate their bond angles around the mid carbon atom. Organic Compound Structure including bond angles Methane (CH4) Ethane (C2H6) Propane (C3H8) Ionic Molecules Name and formula Dot-cross diagram Lithium chloride: (LiCl) Sodium oxide: (Na2O) Calcium chloride: (CaCl2) Aluminium oxide: (Al2O3) Bibliography http://www.ptable.com/Images/periodic%20table.png     Ã‚  

Religion Assignment

Religious Background My family is fairly religious and my views have certainly been influenced by their beliefs. I was brought up in a Christian household and the majority of my relatives are Christian as well. All throughout my life this has been the only religion that anyone in my family has followed. Most families have some sort of differing beliefs however mine lacks this and there is very little that differs in any of the family’s belief systems. Though my parents wanted me to attend church regularly I was never forced into anything whether it be attendance or belief and I truly appreciate that. Religion is not the center of my life but it still has a strong presence and influence on my life. Though my family does acknowledge most traditions we have never strictly adhered to them. Of course we celebrate the main events such as Easter and Christmas and partake in the events that go with them. My parents would make sure that we knew the reason that we were celebrating these holidays and though presents still seemed to reign supreme there was always the thought of something bigger. We would always attend the evening church services and the large (and usually dull) family gatherings on these special occasions. Going to church every weekend was not something that was a necessity for us however I believe most would still recognize us as regular attendees. It was always my belief that going to church was not an essential part of my religion and we would occasionally choose football or even sleep over the usual Sunday morning service. Earlier in my life we attended an Evangelical Christian church and my family agreed with the belief system for the most part though my parents seemed to have issues with some of the smaller aspects of the Evangelical church. It was at this church that I first began to form my set of beliefs and my opinion of religion. I have always been prone to asking questions and even at a young age I somewhat philosophical (now I realize that even though I have learned a lot over the years I am still asking some of the same questions that I was asking at the age of eight). My mother was raised in a Christian household but her family was more traditional than ours is. Both of her parents are Christians and that belief filtered down to their children. Overall they seem to be a bit stricter in their beliefs and going to church was emphasized much more than it is in my family now. It seems that with every generation gets slightly more liberal with their beliefs and morals. With my mother church was a large part of her youth and I was hardly involved. It seems to me as if there are three types of churchgoers, the ones who attend regularly (every Sunday), those who only go on Christmas and Easter, and those who live church. She was one of the people who lived church. My father grew up without a belief system but when his sister began searching for answers she became a Christian and that got him thinking and he joined a Bible study because of it. After a while it began to make sense to him and he accepted the religion as well. After both of his children had this new found faith my grandfather decided to â€Å"investigate† as he calls it. He was incredibly skeptical at first as religion had never been a part of his life, but he decided that the best way to find out would be to read the Bible. After much deliberation and consideration he decided that there was some truth to it and he became a Christian as well, with his faith based entirely off of the Bible. My grandmother followed suit and thus my aunts’ change in belief lead the entire family to reconsider their belief. In a way I dislike calling myself a Christian because of some of the connotations and countless different belief sets that the word Christian brings to mind (such as the people who stand at the street corner telling people that they are going to hell if they don’t repent their sins), and I feel as if labels can sometimes be problematic and inaccurate. The Bible is a large part of my belief system as it is one of the few things that make sense to me (if the Bible is the basis of the religion then I feel like it should be the basis of my faith). It seems as if so many different churches try to impose their own set of beliefs and morals on their attendees and it has always made sense (at least for me) to deduct things for myself through reading the Bible. Many of the main points of the Bible seem to get lost in translation and I have always disagreed with Churches that constrict themselves to a specific ideology and I prefer being a part of a non-denominational church or a ‘congregation' that is a little bit more open-minded than most. I base my beliefs off of the Bible and I feel that this is the inspired word of God. I believe that the main message in the Bible is one of love and that getting to heaven isn’t based on works but is instead based on faith. There will always be questions and many people with different viewpoints all believe that they have the answers. Religion interests me because it seems to me as if there will never be an positive answer to life and our purpose. Religion is one way to try to begin the attempt to explain what exactly life is. I think for many people religion is a way of coping with the fact that no one really knows for sure what death will bring. The search for meaning has always fascinated me and this drive reoccurs continuously throughout history. Many people devote their entire life towards finding the meaning of life and while it is not my intention to do the same, I still find it an interesting subject and I believe that studying the history of religion is a great way to expand your mind and gain some insight into what has unfolded in the past. I want to continue to learn about not only my own religion but other religions as well. It is my goal to keep an open mind about everything and really begin to understand and study all religions.